Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with the aging process. However, role of nuclear factor erythroid 2 -related (Nrf2) in skeletal muscle during remains to be clarified. In current study, we assessed whether lack Nrf2, which is known as a master regulator redox homeostasis, promotes age-related atrophy muscle. Here, demonstrated that 4-hydroxynonenal protein carbonyls, markers oxidative stress, were robustly elevated aged Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice because decreased...

Skeletal muscles exhibit high plasticity, such as overload-induced hypertrophy or immobilization-induced atrophy. During sports, skeletal muscle is induced by training to improve performance. Spermidine a type of polyamine and oral intake spermidine exerts many beneficial effects on health through various mechanisms, promoting autophagy improving mitochondrial function. In recent study, we showed that activates mTOR signaling significantly increases the mean fiber cross-sectional area (CSA)...

During high-intensity exercise, the concentration of ammonia is augmented in skeletal muscle. Ammonia activates phosphofructokinase and prevents oxidation pyruvate to acetyl CoA, thus leading exhaustion. Citrulline an amino acid component urea cycle liver, along with ornithine arginine. The aim this study was examine effect citrulline supplementation on fatigue performance during exercise. We constructed a swimming exercise protocol, which mice were subjected exhaustive load 5% body weight,...

Muscle represents an abundant, accessible, and replenishable source of adult stem cells. Skeletal muscle-derived cells, called satellite play essential roles in regeneration after muscle injury skeletal muscle. Although the molecular mechanism process has been extensively investigated, regulation cells under steady state during stage, including reaction to exercise stimuli, is relatively unknown. Here, we show that voluntary wheel running exercise, which a low stress converts activated due...

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway positively regulates the cell growth through ribosome biogenesis in many type. In general, myostatin is understood to repress skeletal muscle hypertrophy inhibition mTOR and myogenesis. However, these relationships have not been clarified undergoing atrophy. Here, we observed a significant decrease mass at 2 weeks after denervation. Unexpectedly, however, expression genes related myogenesis were markedly increased, that was decreased. de novo...

It is known that repeated bouts of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) lead to enhanced levels glycolysis, glycogenesis, and lactate transport proteins in skeletal muscle; however, little about the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations. To decipher mechanism leading improvement muscle glycolytic capacity associated with HIIT, we examined role hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α), major transcription factor regulating expression genes related anaerobic metabolism, adaptation...

Adipose tissue has been classified into white adipose (WAT), brown (BAT), and beige the latter of which is produced as WAT changes BAT due to exposure cold temperature or exercise. In response these stimulations, produces heat by increasing mitochondrial contents expression uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), thus facilitating browning. Exercise known be one triggers for browning, but effects exercise intensity on browning remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed examine high-...

Recent studies have reported that endurance exercise enhances mitochondrial function, facilitating discussions of its potential as a therapeutic strategy for diseases caused by the accumulation mutant DNA (mtDNA). In this study, we assessed effects on muscle pathology in disease mouse model (mito-miceΔ) is characterized severe clinical phenotypes owing to predominant mtDNA with large-scale deletion (ΔmtDNA). Contrary expectations may enhance exacerbated mito-miceΔ. Therefore, interventions...

Abstract Electrical stimulation is widely used to investigate localised muscle adaptations, with applications in both sports and rehabilitation. However, the systemic effects of electrical stimulation, particularly contralateral muscles that are not directly stimulated, well understood. This study investigated whether unilateral induces transcriptional changes electrically stimulated (ES) non‐stimulated (non‐ES) legs, compared legs sedentary control mice. RNA‐sequence analysis revealed 1320...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects training and detraining on monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 MCT4 levels in gluteus medius muscle Thoroughbred horses. Twelve horses were used for analysis. For 18 weeks, all underwent high-intensity (HIT), with running at 90-110% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max ) 3 min, 5 days week(-1). Thereafter, either 6 weeks by min moderate-intensity (MIT) 70% VO2 max, week(-1) (HIT-MIT group) or stall rest (HIT-SR group). an incremental...

Abstract Oxidative stress‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with age‐related and disuse‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related 2 (Nrf2) during fiber atrophy remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined whether deficiency Nrf2, a master regulator antioxidant transcription, promotes denervation‐induced fragmentation We found that expression Nrf2 its target genes was upregulated at weeks after denervation in wild‐type ( WT...

Adult stem cells play an essential role in mammalian organ maintenance and repair throughout adulthood since they ensure that organs retain their ability to regenerate. The choice of cell fate by adult for cellular proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation into multiple lineages is critically important the homeostasis biological function individual organs. Responses stress, injury, or environmental change are precisely regulated intercellular intracellular signaling networks, these...

Exercise dramatically increases oxygen consumption and causes oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is important in the first-line defence mechanisms against To investigate effect of acute exercise on expression SOD, we examined mRNA for three SOD isozymes, mice run a treadmill to exhaustion. Six hours after exercise, extracellular (EC-SOD) increased significantly skeletal muscle persisted 24 h, whereas no change was observed cytoplasmic mitochondrial mRNA. Moreover, also induced...

It is now evident that exercise training leads to increases in monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1 and MCT4, but little known about the mechanisms of coupling muscle contraction with these changes. The aim this study was investigate effect 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced activation AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on MCT1, GLUT4 denervated muscle. Protein levels MCT4 after 10 days denervation were significantly decreased mice gastrocnemius muscle,...

With the rapid development of gene therapy technology in recent years, its abuse as a method sports doping athletics has become concern. However, there is still room for improvement gene-doping testing methods, and robust animal model needs to be developed. Therefore, purposes this study were establish using recombinant adeno-associated virus vector-9, including human erythropoietin (rAAV9-hEPO), relevant method. First, it was attempted rAAV9-hEPO on mice. The results showed significant...

Tetrahymena thermophila possesses a transcriptionally inactive mlcronucleus and an active macronucleus. Both nuclei are developed from micronucleus-derived germ during conjugation. Extensive DNA rearrangement transcrlptlonal activation known to be involved In macronuclear development, but little has been about these processes in particular functional gene. Therefore the micro- genomic DNAs for calmodulin gene were analyzed. A 1,384 bp micronucleus-specific sequence located 3.5 kb upstream of...

The enhanced rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells results a net increase total content that leads to growth/hypertrophy. mitogen-activated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated (ERK)-dependent regulation the activity mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) and subsequent has been suggested as regulatory mechanism; however, exact molecular processes underlying such are poorly defined. purpose this study was investigate mechanisms involved MEK/ERK-dependent pathway leading...

Skeletal muscle represents a plentiful and accessible source of adult stem cells. Skeletal-muscle-derived cells, termed satellite play essential roles in postnatal growth, maintenance, repair, regeneration skeletal muscle. Although it is well known that the number cells increases following physical exercise, functional alterations such as proliferative capacity differentiation efficiency exercise their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found overload, which widely used to model...

Skeletal muscle-derived stem cells, termed as satellite play essential roles in regeneration after muscle injury adult skeletal muscle. Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most common metabolic diseases, causes impairments cell function. However, studies countermeasures for DM-induced dysfunction cells have been poor. Here, we investigated effects chronic running exercise on activation diabetic mice focused molecular mechanism including Notch and Wnt signaling, which are contribute to fate...