A general response of plants to high soil salinity relies on the cellular accumulation osmolytes, which help plant maintain osmotic balance under salt stress condition and/or act as ‘osmoprotectants’ with chaperon or reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities. Yet ecological relevance this for tolerance mechanisms halophytes in their natural habitats remains largely unknown. In review, we describe and discuss published data supporting participation compatible solutes those...

Nerium oleander is an ornamental species of high aesthetic value, grown in arid and semi-arid regions because its drought tolerance, which also considered as relatively resistant to salt; yet the biochemical molecular mechanisms underlying oleander's stress tolerance remain largely unknown. To investigate these mechanisms, one-year-old seedlings were exposed 15 30 days treatment with increasing salt concentrations, up 800 mM NaCl, complete withholding irrigation; growth parameters markers...

In their natural habitats, different mechanisms may contribute to the tolerance of halophytes high soil salinity and other abiotic stresses, but relative contribution ecological relevance, for a given species, remain largely unknown. We studied responses changing environmental conditions five (Sarcocornia fruticosa, Inula crithmoides, Plantago crassifolia, Juncus maritimus J. acutus) in Mediterranean salt marsh, from summer 2009 autumn 2010. A principal component analysis was used correlate...

Some deleterious effects of drought, soil salinity and other abiotic stresses are mediated by the generation oxidative stress through an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cellular membranes, proteins DNA. In response to increased ROS, plants activate array enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant defences. We have correlated activation these responses with contrasting tolerance drought three genus

We have performed an extensive study on the responses to salt stress in four related Limonium halophytes with different geographic distribution patterns, during seed germination and early vegetative growth. The aims of work were twofold: establish basis for chorology these species, identify relevant mechanisms tolerance dependent control ion transport osmolyte accumulation. Seeds germinated vitro, presence increasing NaCl concentrations, subjected 'recovery germination' tests; percentages...

The selection of stress-resistant cultivars, to be used in breeding programmes aimed at enhancing the drought and salt tolerance our major crops, is an urgent need for agriculture a climate change scenario. In present study, responses water deficit stress treatments, regarding growth inhibition leaf proline (Pro) contents, were analysed 47 Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes different origins. A two-way analysis variance (ANOVA), Pearson moment correlations principal component analyses (PCAs)...

Horticultural crops constantly face abiotic stress factors such as salinity, which have intensified in recent years due to accelerated climate change, significantly affecting their yields and profitability. Under these conditions, it has become necessary implement effective sustainable solutions guarantee agricultural productivity food security. The influence of BALOX ® , a biostimulant plant origin, was tested on the responses salinity Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia plants exposed salt...

Compartmentalization of toxic ions in the vacuole and accumulation osmolytes cytoplasm is a common response halophytes to high soil salinity. Soluble carbohydrates, such as sugars polyols, are some compatible solutes used for osmotic adjustment osmoprotection. Major carbohydrates were identified quantified by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, combined with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), five halophytic species from Mediterranean salt marsh (Juncus acutus, Juncus...

Comparative studies on the responses to salt stress of taxonomically related taxa should help elucidate relevant mechanisms tolerance in plants. We have applied this strategy three Plantago species adapted different natural habitats, P. crassifolia and coronopus–both halophytes–and major, considered as salt-sensitive since it is never found saline habitats. Growth inhibition measurements controlled treatments indicated, however, that major quite resistant stress, although less than its...

Flavonoids are a large group of plant phenolics, including almost 10,000 different compounds with common chemical structure consisting two aromatic rings, joined by three-carbon chain generally forming heterocyclic ring (C6–C3–C6). Interest on these secondary metabolites has increased exponentially in the last years, for its alleged beneficial effects human health. It been reported that flavonoids – and other phenolics show antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, or...

Osmolytes, used for maintaining osmotic balance and as 'osmoprotectants', are synthesized in plants a general, conserved response to abiotic stress, although their contribution stress-tolerance mechanisms remains unclear. Proline, the most common osmolyte, accumulates many plant species parallel with increased external salinity is considered reliable biochemical marker of salt stress. We have measured proline levels two halophytic, closely related Juncus under laboratory field conditions...

Dittrichia viscosa is a Mediterranean ruderal species that over the last decades has expanded into new habitats, including coastal salt marshes, ecosystems are per se fragile and threatened by human activities. To assess potential risk this native-invasive represents for genuine marsh vegetation, we compared its distribution with of Inula crithmoides, taxonomically related halophyte, in three marshes located 'La Albufera' Natural Park, near city Valencia (East Spain). The presence D. was...

The evaluation of biochemical markers is important for the understanding mechanisms tolerance to salinity Phaseolus beans. We have evaluated several growth parameters in young plants three vulgaris cultivars subjected four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl); one cultivar P. coccineus, a closely related species reported as more salt tolerant than common bean, was included external reference. Biochemical leaves concentrations ions (Na+, K+, Cl−), osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, total...

Comparative studies on the responses to salinity and drought were carried out in three Juncus species, two halophytes (Juncus maritimus Lam. acutus L.) one more salt-sensitive articulatus L.). Salt tolerance depends inhibition of transport toxic ions aerial part. In taxa studied Na+ Cl- accumulated same extent roots salt treated plants; however, ion contents lower shoots correlated with relative sensitivity lowest levels measured halophytes. Activation K+ at high concentration could also...

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) has been described as moderately sensitive to salinity. We characterised the responses salt stress of eggplant and S. insanum, its putative wild ancestor. Young plants two accessions both species were watered for 25 days with an irrigation solution containing NaCl at concentrations 0 (control), 50, 100, 200, 300 mM. Plant growth, photosynthetic activity, pigments, K+, Na+, Cl− ions, proline, total soluble sugars, malondialdehyde, phenolics, flavonoids, well...

Limonium is one of the most interesting and biodiverse genera halophytes, with many species adapted to saline environments. have a promising potential as cultivated minor crops ornamental value, or are already used medicinal plants. Other marketed gourmet food can be for decontamination polluted soils. Design implementation specific breeding programmes needed fully realise this potential, based on vast genetic variation high stress tolerance wild within genus. Most but also resistant...

Current agricultural problems, such as the decline of freshwater and fertile land, foster saline agriculture development. Salicornia Sarcocornia species, with a long history human consumption, are ideal models for developing halophyte crops. A greenhouse experiment was set up to compare response perennial fruticosa two annual europaea S. veneta 30 days salt stress (watering 700 mM NaCl) water deficit (complete withholding irrigation) separate treatments, followed by 15 recovery. The three...

Climate change accentuates abiotic stress conditions putting at risk several commercial cultivars particularly vulnerable to salinity in the early stages of development, which makes adopting new technologies tune with environment necessary mitigate its impact. In this study, we tested possible effects a biostimulant (BALOX®) on enhancing salt tolerance salt-treated tomato plants, analysing plant growth and biochemical markers: photosynthetic pigments, ion contents roots leaves, leaf...