The Argentine stem weevil (ASW), a major pest in ryegrass pastures, causes significant agricultural losses. Ryegrass can establish symbiotic association with Epichloë endophytic fungi, which supply chemical defenses, including peramine. This symbiosis helps protect by providing peramine, acts as primary defense. In addition, activate induced defense mechanisms, peramine remaining the central agent response to herbivorous insect attacks. Therefore, this study assessed feeding of ASW on...

The horn fly is an economically important hematophagous ectoparasite of cattle. Its management relies heavily on broad-spectrum pesticides, which are harmful to the environment and have led development resistance. Therefore, alternative control methods needed. Semiochemicals involved in communication between flies their host a promising alternative. Considering that egg-laying this occurs almost exclusively fresh cattle dung, most parts its life cycle occur totally dung volatiles might play...

The overuse of synthetic pesticides has triggered resistance in insect pests and caused severe environmental impacts, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable alternatives Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This study aimed to biosynthesize characterize chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (AgChNPs) using Galega officinalis leaf extract evaluate their insecticidal effects against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a key pest fruit crops worldwide. biosynthesized AgChNPs (257.2...

Background This randomized trial compared perineural dexamethasone with combined dexamethasone-dexmedetomidine for ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block. We hypothesized that the combination of adjuvants would result in a longer motor Methods Fifty patients undergoing upper limb surgery block (using 35 mL lidocaine 1%-bupivacaine 0.25% epinephrine 5 µg/mL) were randomly allocated to receive (2 mg) or mg)-dexmedetomidine (50 µg). After performance block, blinded observer assessed success...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role host volatiles in relationship between a blueberry plant Vaccinium corymbosum L. and raspberry weevil Aegorhinus superciliosus (Guérin) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), principal pest south Chile. Volatiles from aerial part different phenological stages were collected on Porapak Q analyzed by coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several chemical groups identified including green leaf volatiles, aromatic compounds, terpenes....

The raspberry weevil, Aegorhinus superciliosus (Guérin) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important pest in blueberry and fields south of Chile. In this study, we investigated electroantennographic behavioral responses A. to semiochemicals released from conspecific individual adults, with particular attention male attraction females. Odors females significantly attracted males a Y-tube olfactometer. Gas chromatographic mass spectral analysis female volatile extracts revealed presence...

Plant domestication can modify and weaken defensive chemical traits, reducing defenses in plants consequently their resistance against pests. We characterized quantified the major flavonols isoflavonoids present both wild cultivated murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz), established a common garden. examined effects on larvae of Chilesia rudis (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Insect community diversity indices were also evaluated. hypothesized that reduces flavonoid contents modifies C....

Rafting has been proposed as an effective mechanism for species without free-living pelagic larvae to achieve long-distance dispersal, theoretically preventing population differentiation over wide distributional ranges. Moreover, rafting advocated a main dispersal marine invertebrates with sub-Antarctic distributions, because of abundant buoyant kelps, driven by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Nonetheless, little attention given role establish regular gene flow across sub-Antarctic, and...

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) is a pest that causes damage due to the female laying eggs under skin of ripe fruit, from which larva emerges, causing its collapse and reducing commercial value. Due importance this pest, monitoring population starting point for any control program; however, there no early plan within management tasks, nor are studies on behavior, optimization traps, or their baits. This research proposes evaluation system with encapsulated baits adhesive traps allow effective...

The potential for using endophytic microorganisms in pest control has increased during the last 40 years. In this study, we investigated impact of endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infection cattle pasture upon survival horn fly, Haematobia irritans, a major agricultural affecting livestock many parts world.In laboratory assays, where dung collected from endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue cultivar K-31 was used as oviposition substrate, larval development significantly reduced compared...

Insect diversity, community composition and damage index on wild cultivated murtilla.Cien.Inv.Agr.43(1):57-67.Plant domestication is a process in which plants' chemical defenses that help them cope with herbivores might decline.Consequences of this could be reflected an increase insect pests.Therefore, we carried out survey to contrast the indexes assemblages between "Murtilla" (Ugni molinae) plants.The main scientific question put forward paper as follows: Is there decrease diversity both...

Murtilla (Ugni molinae) is a shrub native to Chile that has undergone an incipient domestication process aimed at increasing its productivity. The reduction in intrinsic chemical defenses due the resulted decrease plant's ability defend itself against mechanical or insect damage. In response this damage, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as means of defense. To understand how impacted production VOCs first offspring murtilla, we hypothesized their levels would be reduced...

The Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis, is an important pest in pastures, especially ryegrass (Lolium sp.), compromising grassland persistence and productivity.Both, adult specially larvae cause severe damage, action that generate the death of tiller reducing forage production.Chemical control has limited effectiveness adult's insect negative effects on environmental toxicity to pollinators when applied close flowering period observed.Therefore, main currently strategy based use...

Plant domestication can modify flavonoid concentration, generating a decrease in plants subjected to cultivation, but when cultivated are transferred their original wild area, flavonoids be recovered. In this framework, native shrub from Chile, Ugni molinae, has been domesticated due high phenolic composition. We hypothesised that plant results of plants, and they exposed reciprocal transplant experiment, the content Hence, experiment for analysing environments was carried out. Methanolic...

Exploitation of the symbiotic relationship between endophytic fungi and ryegrass is a crucial technique for reducing incidence insect pests. This primarily due to production alkaloids, such as peramine, by fungi. alkaloid has been reported both deterrent toxic variety insects. However, insects have developed various strategies counteract plant defenses. One most studied methods their ability sequester compounds from plants. In this study, we examined feeding preferences adaptation peramine...

Perennial ryegrass is one of the most important food sources in animal production. However, several pests affect this crop, and primary control strategies symbiotic relationships between endophyte fungi. This fungus produces alkaloids that exhibit toxic activity against arthropods. Furthermore, effect fungi may extend to higher trophic levels, including predators (spiders and/or insects), decreasing their abundance diversity. Given importance spiders insects as predators, whether interaction...