Reducing charge–discharge overpotential of transition metal oxide catalysts can eventually enhance the cell efficiency and cycle life Li–O2 batteries. Here, we propose that crystal phase engineering oxides could be an effective way to achieve above purpose. We establish controllable modulation binary MnxCo1–xO by adopting a cation regulation strategy. Systematic studies reveal unprecedented relevancy between charge catalysts, whereas dramatically reduced (0.48 V) via rational optimization...

Crystal Violet has been used as a nonlinear optical molecular probe for the detection of local density distribution isolated silanol groups on planar silica surfaces. Because its large size (∼120 Å2) and nearly flat adsorption geometry, successfully separated truly (i.e., that cannot form hydrogen bond with their neighbors by any means, ∼9.3 ×1013 cm-2) into two major classes. The first class includes those groups; each is surrounded empty surface area (≥120 in which cation can be placed....

Stabilization of the Mack second mode is great significance to control hypersonic boundary-layer transitions. Based on generalized Snell's law, this work proposes a reflection-controlled metasurface that can restrain instability by controlling reflection directions disturbance waves and consequently stabilize flow. The periodically corrugated with subwavelength groove groups: each which composed several grooves different depths. direct numerical simulation results Mach 6 flat-plate boundary...

This study clarifies the fundamental mechanism by which porous coatings suppress supersonic mode instability in hypersonic boundary layer (BL) using Doak's momentum potential theory. The independent energy budget equations for vortical, acoustic, and thermal components of instabilities are derived. Data from direct numerical simulations Mach 6.0 flat plate flows on a solid wall then analyzed. By decomposing density into components, source terms fluxes studied based their corresponding...

AlxCoCuNiTi (x = 0, 0.4, and 1) high-entropy alloy coatings on 45 steel substrates were prepared by laser cladding, their phase structure, microstructure, element partition, wear behavior investigated. The results show that the have a dual-phase structure of FCC BCC. With increase x from 0 to 1, content decreases 66.9 wt.% 14.3 wt.%, while BCC increases 33.1 85.7 wt.%. When lattice constants two phases are largest, densities smallest. microstructure is composed BCC-phase dendrites FCC-phase...

This paper described the liquid flow battery system with graphite felt electrode and a single electrolyte, lead(II)in methanesulfonic acid. The kinetics behavior, cyclic voltammetry behavior effects of treatment methods on Pb(II)/Pb couple were studied. results show that equilibrium potential was -0.228V had good behavior. studied, oxidization reduction peak potentials -0.055V -0.44V, respectively. treated sulfuric acid little difference, showed electro-catalytic activity for couple.

By using reflection second-harmonic generation (SHG), the adsorption of triethylamine (TEA) at silica/CH3CN interface has been studied with help two molecular probes, trans-4-[4-(dibutylamino)styryl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide (DMP+I-) and trans-4-[4-(dibutylamino)styryl]-1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium (DP). At interface, DMP+ cations are adsorbed on SiO- sites by charge−charge interaction, while DP molecules SiOH forming hydrogen bonds. The saturation surface density is 3.10 × 1013 cm-2 for...

Abstract Currently, there exist various materials surface analysis and characterization techniques, but it is difficult to measure their component distribution, in particular from a three-dimensional prospect. In this paper, the distribution of nano-carbon 2D 3D views were both characterized via Time Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (TOF-SIMS). The results indicate that TOF-SIMS could provide comprehensive information about which expected be developed as an advanced technology material...

Acoustic metasurfaces have been shown to stabilize the Mack second mode in hypersonic boundary layer through various acoustic wave manipulations, but stabilization mechanisms still lack unified clarification. In present work, momentum potential theory is used develop a physics-based analysis of perturbance flow field above three kinds metasurfaces: absorptive, impedance-near-zero, and reflection-controlled metasurfaces. It found thermal-acoustic source term Pta contributes most instability,...

The effect of size and charge on the adsorption organic inorganic cations at silica/CH3CN interface has been investigated using nonlinear optical molecular probes (NOMP). Dramatic observed for interface. For with structure N(CnH2n+1)4+, free energy is a linear function number carbons in each chain (n), it can be described by following equation: ΔGad = −30.60 + 3.07n (kJ mol-1). experiments carried out different interfacial cation densities have demonstrated clearly that steric dominates...

A new synthesis of Ag @ Au core-shell composite nanoparticles (NPs) was described by spontaneous deposit on the surface seeds which were prepared with photochemical method in sodium citrate solution. The core shell (or Au-Ag alloy shell) NPs monodisperse and uniform shape about 10 nm. core/shell nanostructure confirmed UV-vis spectrum TEM characterization as well cyanide ion (CN-) dissolution experiment. reaction mechanism forming briefly discussed.

In the sodium citrate solution systems containing double metal ions with different Pd-Pt molar ratios and single Pt (IV) ions, Pd Core @ Shell nanoparticles were synthesized by photochemical coreduction seed method, respectively. By means of characterization TEM, change regularity composite nanoparticle sizes was studied in both preparation methods. The surface chemical state their structure analyzed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirming that formed are core-shell structure....

This paper described the liquid flow battery system with graphite felt electrode and a single electrolyte, lead(II)in methanesulfonic acid. The kinetics cyclic voltammetry behavior effects of PbO 2 /Pb(II) couple were studied. results show that equilibrium potential good was 1.21V. on studied, oxidization reduction peak potentials 1.547V 1.241V, respectively. treated sulfuric acid showed electro-catalytic activity for couple.

The chemistry system with negative graphite felt electrode and a single electrolyte, lead(II)in methanesulfonic acid, was described. effects of treatment methods on kinetics cyclic voltammetry behavior Pb(II)/Pb couple were studied. results show that the equilibrium potential -0.233V had good behavior. voltammogram showed oxidization reduction peak potentials -0.044V -0.454V, respectively. treated acid little difference, electro-catalytic activity for couple.

Organic molecules with novel optical and electronic properties are of great potential in the development alternable, high density, high-speed memory deices (OMD) molecular resolution. During course our investigations, we have observed new electric some organic donor-acceptor systems solution. The result obtained Proton Sponge (PS)/Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) Phenanthrene/Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) presented, as they been to provide examples two extreme cases. separate solutions PS TCNQ...

The adsorption of a nonlinear optical molecular probing cation, trans-4-[4-(dibutylamino)styryl]-1-methylpyridinium (DMP+), and its coadsorption with organic inorganic cations at silica/CH3CN interfaces have been investigated using reflection second harmonic generation. Our results indicate that the site-binding model offers better interpretation over electrical double-layer for cationic species in low electrolyte concentration region from 0.02 to 5.0 mM.

Achieving high electrocatalytic activity with low amount of noble metals is critical for improving the performance and reducing cost Li‒O 2 batteries. Herein we describe an ultraviolet-assisted synthesis method preparing highly active superb stable MXene-based electrocatalysts containing Pt content. The obtained feature homogenous nanocrystals embedded within multilayer Ti 3 C MXene (Pt‒Ti ). Because improvement on electrical catalytic properties structural stability, this catalyst design...