Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis , the rat lungworm, is an important aetiologic agent of eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. Co-culturing astrocytes with soluble antigens A. activated Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway inhibited apoptosis via activation Bcl-2. This study was conducted to determine roles Shh pathway, apoptosis, oxidative stress after treatment excretory-secretory products (ESP) from fifth-stage larvae. Although astrocyte viability significantly...

The prevalence of pinworm infection is extremely low in Taipei, Taiwan. This population study was designed to determine the current status and associated risk factors this among pre-school children. Perianal swab specimens were obtained from parents or guardians using a two-consecutive-day adhesive cellophane perianal kit. Information family background, personal hygiene, household sanitary conditions collected by asking complete questionnaire. Of 44,163 children, 0.21% found infect with...

The strong interest in graphene has motivated large effort the scalable production of high‐quality material. potential chemical vapor deposition on Cu foil to produce such is impeded by lacking understanding relation between catalyst properties and performance. We here present a systematic analysis morphology its effect electrical graphene. find that nanometer sized particles increase density bilayer regions but have no significant carrier transport. Long wavelength roughness (waviness),...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. Previous studies have shown that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway may reduce cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress A. infection. In this study, we investigated relationship between cytokine secretion Shh activation after treatment with excretory/secretory products (ESP) fifth-stage larval (L5). The results showed IL-1β IL-6 levels mouse astrocytes were...

Angiostrongyliasis is caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis and can lead to eosinophilic meningitis meningoencephalitis in humans. The young adult worms play central pathogenic roles nervous system (CNS); however, underlying mechanism unclear. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are good investigation targets for studying relationship between a host its parasite.We aimed profile, identify, characterise proteins ESPs of A. adults.The were collected from culture medium after...

Human cerebral angiostrongyliasis, induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is an emerging disease in many parts of the world. A. cantonensis also important causative agent eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis humans. 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBA) have been shown to increase intracellular antioxidant activity, vasculoprotective potency, wound healing, cell migration. However, function 3-HBA 4-HBA mouse astrocytes response young adults...

Angiostrongyliasis is induced by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis and leads to eosinophilic meningitis meningoencephalitis in humans. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are important investigation targets for studying relationship between hosts nematodes. These assist worms penetrating blood-brain barrier avoiding host immune response. Autophagy a catabolic process that responsible digesting cytoplasmic organelles, proteins, lipids removing them through lysosomes. This essential...

Ganoderma lucidum has been established to be an autitumor natural product. The hot water extracts of the mycelium G. (GLP) exhibited antitumor effect against fibrosarcoma in male and female C3H mice inhibited metastasis tumor lung. Moreover, we have fractionated GLP into polysaccharide fraction [GLP(AI)] non-polysaccharide fraction. We found that (AI) is major component show vivo died on growth mice. effects cytotoxic activity splenic killer cells (NK) were assessed normal hearing rsu1ts...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection may cause elevation of ROS and antioxidants in the CSF infected mice. Astrocytes protect surrounding neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death by secreting Sonic hedgehog (Shh) via PI3-K/AKT/Bcl-2 pathway. This study was conducted to determine role Shh signaling pathway A. cantonensis-infected BABL/c mice coculturing astrocytes with living fifth-stage larvae or soluble antigens. The activated corresponding increases level Shh. Glial fibrillary...

Administration of albendazole alone was not very suitable for the treatment cerebral angiostrongyliasis. This study designed to evaluate effects co-therapy this drug and dexamethasone in Th-1 Th-2 dominant mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Each BALB/c C57BL/6 50 A. cantonensis third-stage larvae were administered (10 mg/kg/day) alone, (0.5 or two drugs from day 7 14 post-infection days. After sacrifice, coronal slices prepared five brain regions stained hematoxylin eosin. Eight...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important zoonotic nematode. It the causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. However, information this parasite at genomic level very limited. In present study, transcriptomic profiles fifth-stage larvae (L5) A. were investigated by next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS database established from isolated brain Sprague-Dawley rats, 31,487 unique genes with a mean length 617 nucleotides assembled. These found to have 46.08%...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningitis and/or meningoencephalitis in humans. Th2 responses have been considered to be predominant non-permissive hosts. However, changes cytokines the central nervous system host remain unclear. The present study was conducted determine temporal-spatial expressions IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 brains infected C57BL/6 BALB/c mice by immunohistochemistry. After infecting each mouse with 25 third-stage larvae (L3), brain...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis, also known as rat lungworm, is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage and symptoms, including eosinophilic meningitis meningoencephalitis, in humans. At present, the therapeutic strategy for cerebral angiostrongyliasis remains controversial. Benzaldehyde, bioactive constituent of Gastrodia elata (Tianma), reduces oxidative stress by inhibiting production reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to evaluate effect...

We investigated the effects of combination therapy albendazole and doxycycline in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice during early late treatment. C57BL/6 BALB/c were divided into five groups: (i) uninfected, (ii) infected with A. cantonensis, (iii) + 10 mg/kg albendazole, (iv) 25 doxycycline, (v) doxycycline. administered drugs both treatments started at 7-day post infections (dpi) (14 dpi) to mice. To assess impact these treatments, we employed Morris water maze test evaluate spatial...

Excretory–secretory products (ESPs) are the main research targets for investigating hosts and helminths interaction. Parasitic worms can migrate to parasitic sites avoid host immune response by secreting this product. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage symptoms, including eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans. Benzaldehydes organic compounds composed of a benzene ring formyl substituents....

Abstract Background Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite. Humans are non-permissive hosts, and this parasite develops into fifth-stage larvae (L5) in the brain subarachnoid cavity then induces eosinophilic meningitis meningoencephalitis. Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) valuable targets for investigation of host-parasite interactions. These contain a wide range molecules penetrating defensive barriers avoiding immune response host. Endoplasmic reticulum...

Abstract Background Parasitic infections may cause significant effects on behavior, learning, and memory of the host. In brain mice heavily infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis , severe damage has been observed in hippocampus. This component considered to have associations spatial learning humans vertebrates. study was designed determine impairments BALB/c C57BL/6 parasite. Methods Each mouse inoculated 50 third-stage larvae A . After infection, daily changes weight dietary consumption,...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencepalitis, has been reported to cause cognitive impairments in host. To determine whether drug treatment improves functions, BALB/c mice infected with 50 third-stage larvae were treated albendazole, dexamethasone, or co-therapy since day 7 14 post-infection for one two weeks. Abilities spatial memory learning these animals assessed Morris water maze. Our results showed that body weight was...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are valuable targets for studying host-parasite relationships. ESPs composed of a variety molecules used to penetrate defensive barriers avoid immune attack the host. Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) vasoactive cardioprotective drug widely studies evaluating potential therapeutic mechanisms. In this study, we will evaluate...

Clock skew scheduling for peak current reduction is a conventional technique solving IR-drop problem in physical design stage. In this paper, we propose two kinds of long delay flip-flops and heuristic algorithm that used to resynthesized circuit. Because the switching times circuit are staggered, IR drop effect can be reduced. Unlike clock scheduling, our not only stage but also logic The other advantages over optimization has less area overhead more opportunities find better result.