We report here a new phenomenon of dynamic enhancement chemical reactions by nanomaterials under hard X-ray irradiation. The were gold and platinum nanoparticles, the reaction employed was hydroxylation coumarin carboxylic acid. yield enhanced 2000 times over that predicted on basis absorption X-rays only found for first time to depend dose rate. maximum turnover frequency measured at 1 × 10–4 s–1 Gy–1. call this process enhancement, which is defined as increased due properties added...

Spatiotemporal mapping of neural interactions through electrocorticography (ECoG) is the key to understanding brain functions and disorders. For entire cortical areas, this approach has been challenging, especially in freely moving states, owing need for extensive craniotomy. Here, we introduce a flexible microelectrode array system, termed iWEBS, which can be inserted small cranial slit stably wrap onto curved surface. Using measured dynamic changes signals across major domains, namely,...

Demand-responsive transportation (DRT) is a flexible form of shared mobility in which service provision shaped by the user demand. DRT has been considered sustainable solution, as it reduces CO2 emissions from fixed-route services and encourages mode shift private cars to mobility. Given that public acceptance key for wider diffusion DRT, this study explored factors affecting usage intention Republic Korea. Drawing on unified theory use technology (UTAUT) initial trust model (ITM),...

We describe the electrochemical α-amidoalkylation of γ-lactams based on transition-metal-free cross-coupling via hydrogen atom transfer. The highly selective transfer process allows for a broad substrate scope including both inter- and intramolecular reactions. Also, construction quaternary centers was realized by double protocol to afford spirocycles. Detailed mechanistic studies experimental computational are provided support reaction pathway.

Transportation system electrification is expected to bring millions of electric vehicles (EVs) on road within decades. Accurately predicting the charging demand necessary accommodate surge in EV deployment. This paper presents a novel modeling framework predict public profile derived from people's travel trajectories, with consideration and supply stochasticity transportation systems behavior heterogeneity users. The vehicle decision-making process explicitly modeled, need each user...

Objective: The conflicts among motorists entering a signalized intersection with the red light indication have become national safety issue. Because of its sensitivity, efforts been made to investigate possible causes and effectiveness countermeasures using comparison sites and/or before-and-after studies. Nevertheless, these approaches are ineffective when cannot be found, or crash data sets not readily available reliable for statistical analysis. Considering random nature running (RLR)...

Previous studies regarding transportation impacts on economic development in urban areas have three major issues—the limited scope of analysis mostly with the change property values, exclusion smart systems as features despite their potential for areas, and stereotyped approaches types variables. To surmount such limitations, this research adopted concept Big Data machine learning techniques. As such, a total 67 from main categories, including business, geographical boundary, socio-economic,...

The advent of automated vehicles (AVs) will provide opportunities for safer, smoother, and smarter road transportation. During the transition from current human-driven vehicle (HV) to a fully AV traffic environment, there be mixed flow including both HVs AVs. impact introducing AVs into existing traffic, however, has not yet been understood. In this paper, we advance understanding by conducting safety evaluation perspective car-following behavior using real-world operational data traffic. To...

The concept of smart mobility depends on a country’s or city’s visions and surroundings, such as traffic issues available transportation modes. This study, therefore, proposes clear consistent set definitions for mobility, in the context past, present, future, based investigations practices South Korea overseas. In addition, are collected from various written sources analyzed via text mining to define levels beyond present service level. study therefore defines six stages: level 0, base...

In this paper, a Markov-based time series model (MTSM) framework is developed to predict traffic network conditions by integrating archived and real-time data under various external conditions, including weather, work zones, incidents, special events. The considers Markov process explicitly characterize the probabilistic transitions between states with conditions. Environmental observations (e.g., weather) events incidents zones) are grouped into different scenarios based on data, transition...

Accurate traffic prediction is vital for effective management during hurricane evacuation. This paper proposes a predictive modeling system that integrates Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) models to capture both long-term congestion patterns short-term speed patterns. Leveraging various input variables, including archived data, spatial-temporal road network information, forecast the framework designed address challenges posed by heterogeneous human behaviors,...

The advancement of information and communication technology allows the use more sophisticated provision strategies for real-time traffic management in a congested network. This article proposes personalized system optimum traveler (PSOI) under ubiquitous communication, which operators to fully optimize coordinate individuals' trip plans according personal attributes, such as location, value time, allowable budgets congestion tolling, willingness take detours. We also developed an efficient...

The speeds of traffic and freeway throughputs at the merge, diverge, weaving areas are reduced significantly due to vehicle lane changes increased volumes. This study proposes a solution, referred as split design (i.e. weaving). key concept is make geometric existing ramp designs create two merge or diverge points, such that potential conflicts mainline can be distributed apart spatially. potentially decreases unnecessary interactions between vehicles. also uses microscopic simulation assess...

In smartphones, an Always-on Camera (AoC) system to automatically unlock the display by face recognition. Due increase of power consumption continuous monitoring, AoC needs aggressive saving policy such as clock and gating. To apply efficient low-power schemes, Application Processor (AP) must rapidly control in sleep mode. A CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) needs: (1) process workloads for AP (2) inform all timings about various operations. this paper, we propose a SoC architecture with AP-centric...

High-speed rail (HSR) systems have advantages over road and air transport, but they require significant financial investment. The economic viability of HSR has been analyzed through various methods. approaches used cannot consider all intangible variables, or satisfy the needs stakeholders. Particularly, in situations when policy makers are considering construction a new system to stimulate regional economy, detailed effects need be measured. Hence, this research focuses on: (a) formulating...

Recently, there have been emerging demands for new transportation modes, such as personal rapid transit (PRT), to improve the connectivity of first and last mile travel. Advancement ICT growing concerns over environmental issues reinforce through which specific modes can satisfy need each individual short-distance trips. Although PRT has received particular attention trips, it is true that recent approaches developed analyze behavior travelers mid- long-distance trips are not relevant This...