A5069330812- Digestive system and related health
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Microscopic Colitis
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Intestinal Malrotation and Obstruction Disorders
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Public Policy and Administration Research
- Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Celiac Disease Research and Management
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Immune cells in cancer
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Cancer Research and Treatments
- Healthcare innovation and challenges
Queen Mary University of London
2014-2023
Barts Health NHS Trust
2005-2021
University College Cork
2017
APC Microbiome Institute
2017
St Bartholomew's Hospital
1987-2015
Centre for Human Drug Research
2014-2015
Royal London Hospital
2004-2013
Leeds Beckett University
1996-2011
Universidad de Londres
2011
Cambridge University Press
2010
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, occurs after the introduction oral feedings conjunction with initial bacterial colonization gut is hypothesized to be due an immature (inappropriate) enterocyte response stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we compared IL-8 inflammatory stimuli [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) IL-1beta] vs. mature human small intestine. Initial vitro studies comparing confluent Caco-2 cells, model for enterocytes, primary...
A study was undertaken of patients on a regimen total parenteral nutrition comparing the nitrogen balance, energy substrates, blood amino acids, immunoreactive insulin, and glucagon levels during sequential infusion nonprotein calories as either glucose alone (glucose system) or 83% Intralipid (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Montreal, Canada) 17% (lipid system). These were administered with constant background acids (1 g/kg per day), vitamins, minerals. Each system infused for week at time order...
The credentials of the evidence-based policy movement appear to be increasingly subject challenge based on research that has highlighted limits use evidence in making. However, moves towards a more ‘realistic’ position evidence-informed making risk conflating prescription with description and undermining normative vision better This article argues we need review ideas underpin our thinking about making, move beyond territory instrumental rationality founded upon two intellectual pillars:...
Seventeen children with active Crohn9s disease of the small intestine were entered into a randomised control trial comparing efficacy an elemental diet that high dose steroid regimen. Eight received (Flexical) through nasogastric tube for six weeks, followed by reintroduction food over weeks during which Flexical was stopped. Seven given intramuscular adrenocorticotrophic hormone oral prednisolone sulphasalazine. Two withdrawn from trial. The equally effective in inducing improvement...
Public sector reforms throughout OECD member states are producing a new model of ‘public governance’ embodying more modest role for the state and strong emphasis on performance management. In UK, development management in context ‘new public management’ has been primarily ‘top‐down’ with dominant concern enhancing control ‘upwards account‐ability’ rather than promoting learning improvement. The evaluation local government UK conditioned by external pressures, especially imposed central...
English Recent work on complexity theory has significant implications for our conceptions of the nature social systems and ideas about how we can gain an understanding such achieve beneficial change. This article seeks to identify some key thinking role evidence in policy making complex, dynamic systems. It is argued that recent important approaches course change be influenced by action. Processes 'reflexive learning' become central achieving rational guidance but contemporary evidence-based...
Objectives Exclusive enteral feeding reduces inflammation and improves well being, nutrition growth in children with active Crohn disease. Whether improved increases growth-related proteins are a consequence of or reduced is not known. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that changes related decreased inflammation, rather than improvement nutritional status. Methods Twelve disease treated for 6-weeks exclusive were studied at days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56. The Paediatric Crohn's...
BACKGROUND. Growth failure is a recognized complication of pediatric-onset Crohn's disease, but there are few data on final adult height. OBJECTIVE. Our purpose with this work was to determine height and the clinical features that influence long-term growth impairment. METHODS. We retrospectively studied 123 patients disease (65 male 58 female) who had reached All case subjects were diagnosed before age 16.0 years. Heights converted SD scores univariate analysis performed factors postulated...
Intestinal permeability to sugar has been used as an objective measure of small bowel integrity assess the efficacy elemental diet sole treatment or Crohn9s disease bowel. Fourteen children aged 11-17 years with active were given for six weeks. Investigations iso-osmolar oral test solutions before and after this showed that all 14 had abnormally raised lactulose/L-rhamnose ratios, which fell significantly diet. This change coincided marked clinical improvement, assessed by a activity index score.
Children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are more likely to have Crohn's (CD) than ulcerative colitis (UC) their tends be extensive severe in adults. We hypothesized that the prevalence of anemia would therefore greater children adults attending IBD outpatient clinics.Using WHO age-adjusted definitions we assessed prevalence, severity, type, response treatment patients pediatric, adolescent, adult clinics at our hospital.The was 70% (41/59) children, 42% (24/54)...
Laboratory rats are commonly used in life science research as a model for human biology and disease, but the composition development of their gut microbiota during is poorly understood. We determined fecal healthy Sprague Dawley laboratory from 3 weeks to 2 y age, kept under controlled environmental dietary conditions. Additionally, we short-chain fatty acid profiles, compared rat with that mice humans. Gut lesser extent SCFAs profiles separated into different clusters according age: before...
Background The Toll protein in Drosophila regulates dorsal ventral patterning during embryogenesis, and participates antibacterial antifungal host defense. Mammalian homologues are termed Toll-like receptors and, to date, nine have been cloned (TLR1–9) humans. They characterized by extracellular leucine-rich repeats a cytoplasmic domain similar the interleukin 1 receptor. Both TLR2 TLR4 recognize various bacterial cell wall components including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This results...
The notion of evidence‐based policy‐making (EBP) has gained renewed currency in the UK context current Labour Government's commitment to modernise government. Thus, a key driver modernisation is seen as evidence based and service delivery—‘what matters what works’—in performance management strategy for regulation public services. aim this paper critically examine assumptions underpinning EBP asking, particular, extent which increased emphasis on role indicative instrumental rationality...
The differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells may require stimulation by microenvironmental factors in vivo. In this study, the effects mesenchymal and luminal elements nonmalignant epithelia] isolated from human fetus were studied vitro. Enterocytes cultured added stages, each stage more closely approximating microenvironment Four stages examined: derived on plastic culture grown as a cell clone, same connective tissue support, primary explants fibroblasts with laminin base,...
Inflammatory diseases frequently impair linear growth. Crohn's disease inhibits growth in up to one third of affected children. In rats with trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced colitis, 40% impairment is attributable inflammation, the rest being due undernutrition. transgenic mice without raised IL-6 retards growth, suppressing insulin-like factor (IGF)-I. We hypothesized that IL-6, induced by intestinal suppresses and IGF-I expression. Therefore, an anti-IL-6 Ab was given...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a major source of morbidity in children and adults. Its incidence rising, particularly young people. IBD carries lifelong risk cancer, which proportional to duration. Drug surgical treatments rarely offer cure often carry high side effect burden. Dietary therapy highly effective Crohn's disease. For these reasons, there much interest developing novel dietary IBD. Curcumin, component the spice turmeric, an anti-inflammatory anti-cancer agent, shows...
Objective Iron deficiency (ID) and iron anaemia (IDA) are global major public health problems, particularly in developing countries. Whilst an association between H. pylori infection ID/IDA has been proposed the literature, currently there is no consensus. We studied effects of on a cohort children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for abdominal pain two one developed country. Methods In total 311 (mean age 10.7±3.2 years) from Latin America - Belo Horizonte/Brazil (n = 125),...