By reducing the dark-spot density to <3 × 103 cm-2, device lifetime exceeding 100 h has been obtained for a ZnCdSe/ZnSSe/ZnMgSSe single quantum well separate-confinement heterostructure laser diode (LD) under room temperature continuous-wave operation with constant light output power of 1 mW. The threshold current is 533 A/cm2 and lasing wavelength 514.7 nm. Considering density, we have concluded that failure this LD not caused by degradation from macroscopic defects such as stacking faults,...

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is useful for treatment of epidermal neoplasia but may also have a role in the inflammatory dermatoses. Objectives To study effect PDT patients with acne. Methods Three men and 10 women who suffered from intractable acne vulgaris were treated using topical δ‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) polychromatic visible light. Twenty per cent ALA an oil‐in‐water emulsion was applied to lesions 4 h light‐shielding dressing. The then exposed light at 600–700 nm halogen...

Continuous-wave operation in wide-gap II-VI semiconductor current injection laser diodes at room temperature has been demonstrated for the first time. Stimulated emission was observed a wavelength of 523.5 nm with threshold 45 mA (1.4 kA/cm2) from ZnCdSe/ZnSe/ZnMgSSe single-quantum-well (SQW) separate-confinement heterostructure (SCH) diodes.

We induced brain edema in 72 rats by injecting 5 microliters of 3.0% wt:vol polyvinyl acetate into the left internal carotid artery, producing permanent embolization cerebral hemisphere, which developed ipsilateral reproducibly. Edema was assessed 24 hours after determining water content and sodium potassium concentrations. In this model, free radical scavenger MCI-186 at 1.0 3.0 mg/kg i.v. prevented a dose-dependent manner. At i.v., significantly reduced 1.5% improved sodium-potassium...

A II-VI laser diode lifetime of > 140 h at 40°C, as well ~400 20°C, has been achieved for a ZnCdSe/ZnSSe/ZnMgSSe separate-confinement heterostructure under continuous-wave operation with constant output power 1 mW. Progress made towards increasing the basic reliability ZnMgSSe-based wide bandgap diodes by reducing point defects.

A 24-year-old Japanese woman presented with a 10year history of intractable acne vulgaris lesion on her face.The lesions coincided menstrual cycle, and resisted various treatments including 1% nadifloxacin cream, clindamycin hydrochloride lotion, chemical peeling glycolic acid other agents. THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGEOur aim was to find an effective safe treatment for vulgaris. SOLUTIONAfter obtaining informed consent, the patient treated topical 5-aminolevulinic photodynamic therapy...

The band-gap energy of II-VI compound semiconductors was simply calculated using a modified dielectric theory. energies MgS and MgSe were 4.62 3.67 eV. From the extrapolation ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{x}\mathrm{Se}$ ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{x}\mathrm{S},$ zinc blende at room temperature determined to be 3.59 $4.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\mathrm{eV},$ almost same as value bowing parameter ternary alloy experimentally obtained 0 eV, which can...

Optical properties were investigated on the superlattices with a unit lattice period of (AlAs)n(GaAs)n (n=1–24) which grown by atmospheric-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Raman spectroscopy indicated that superlattice structure is realized for each n without collapsing into alloys. Photoluminescence measurement ultrathin-layer (with larger than 2) has direct energy gap, in good agreement tight-binding calculation.

Oligosaccharides, involved in regulation of plant developmental and defensive processes, were tested to determine their ability enhance proliferation human keratinocytes. A mixture alginate oligosaccharides remarkably stimulated keratinocyte growth [ 3 H]thymidine uptake the presence epidermal factor (EGF). The activity was comparable bovine pituitary extract, a common complement culture, additive on BPE‐induced stimulation. most effective oligosaccharide identified its chemical structure...

We present a kinetic model for the optical output degradation of light-emitting diodes based on carrier-recombination enhanced defect motion. Our leads to analytical solutions and universal curves power density as function normalized aging time with initial quantum efficiency determining parameter. The theoretical results explain very well dependence II-VI under constant current condition. faster rate increasing bias or temperature is also investigated both experimentally theoretically,...

Employing p+-ZnTe/ZnSe quantum wells whose sub-bands are aligned in energy so that resonant tunnelling of holes can occur through the multiquantum well region, nonalloyed ohmic contacts to p-type ZnSe have been realised. A specific contact resistance as low 5.0 × 10−2 Ωcm2 has achieved for N-doped with a hole concentration 7.0 1016 cm−3.

At room temperature (296 K), continuous-wave (CW) operation of a blue laser diode has been achieved. The emission wavelength is 489.9 nm, and the threshold current voltage 93 mA (1.5 kA/cm2) 6.3 V, respectively. consists ZnCdSe/ZnSSe/ZnMgSSe single-quantum-well (SQW) separate-confinement heterostructure (SCH).

Although chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common entities encountered in neurosurgical practice, optimal surgical treatment for CSDH remains controversial. This study retrospectively compared results between burr hole drainage alone and with irrigation. Ninety-two patients underwent surgery at our institution from January 1998 through December 2009. Fifty-eight received (Group A), while 34 were treated using irrigation B). Outcomes, recurrence rates, death rates two groups...

We have carried out structural studies of nonluminescent areas developed by current injection in ZnMgSSe alloy-based II–VI blue light emitting diodes electroluminescence topography and transmission electron microscopy. The nonradiative regions, which spread the 〈100〉 direction during injection, consist a high density dislocation dipoles loops. source these defects is preexisting stacking faults originating at substrate/epilayer interface. themselves are aligned along both 〈110〉 directions...

N-doped p-type ZnMgSSe was grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Nitrogen induced electron cyclotron resonance plasma. The maximum net acceptor concentration (NA−ND) and the activation energy of nitrogen (EN) depend on band-gap ZnMgSSe. With increasing energy, NA-ND is decreased EN increased. with a 3.05 eV at 77 K are 2.5×1016 cm−3 140 meV, respectively.

Elafin, an elastase inhibitor produced by keratinocytes, is overexpressed in the subcorneal region of skin affected psoriasis, a major feature which epidermal infiltration neutrophil leucocytes.We studied expression elafin epidermis other disorders characterized dermal and with lymphocyte infiltration.We examined biopsies from lesional patients Behçet's syndrome, Sweet's pyoderma gangrenosum, cutaneous allergic vasculitis acute bacterial infection (cellulitis), chronic prurigo, discoid lupus...

Three cases of plaque‐type blue nevus accompanied with lentigo‐like changes were reported. The combination and lentigo (nevus spilus) is a new type “combined nevus”, but it belongs to the second Kawamura's atypical nevus. This unlikely be rare, not only in plaque‐type, also common nevus, comparable findings such dermal melanocytosis as Ota. Histologically, cellular was observed areas Case 1.

The major pathological responses to Gram‐negative bacterial sepsis are triggered by endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide. As is shed from the outer membrane, it induces immunological that lead release of a variety cytokines and other cellular mediators. part program aimed at developing therapeutic agent for septic shock, we have developed E5531, novel synthetic lipopolysaccharide antagonist. measured tumour necrosis factor‐α, human monocytes whole blood can be activated lipopolysaccharide, lipid...

A quantum interference transistor that can be fabricated by available technology and operate at room temperature is proposed. This device uses the phase effect of a vacuum electron not influenced thermal fluctuations, in contrast to an solid-state materials. The consists field emitter, collector, segmented capacitors between emitter collector. control trajectories their electrical potential. found same as Aharonov–Bohm contrary our expectations. We are convinced new capable room-temperature...

Blue-green laser diodes exhibiting continuous-wave operation during hundreds-of-seconds have been fabricated. This structure is a ZnCdSe/ZnSSe/ZnMgSSe separate-confinement heterostructure with low dislocation density of ∼10 5 cm -2 in the n-ZnMgSSe cladding layer. The use GaAs buffer layer has lead to decrease for laser-diodes, which we observed CW up 80° C, that showed feasibility SCH laser-diodes.