Biosecurity in poultry farms represents the first line of defense against entry and spread pathogens that may have animal health, food safety, economic consequences. The aim this study was to assess biosecurity compliance located a densely populated area North East Italy. A total 259 (i.e., broilers, turkeys, layers) were surveyed between 2018 2019 using standardized checklists, differences sectors years (only for turkey farms) tested significance. Among three sectors, showed highest...

Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infects domestic fowl, resulting in respiratory disease and causing serious losses unprotected birds. Its control is mainly achieved by using live attenuated vaccines. Here we explored the possibilities for rationally attenuating IBV to improve our knowledge regarding function of accessory proteins development next-generation vaccines with recently established reverse genetic system H52 based on targeted RNA recombination selection...

Poultry production accounts for 42% of Cameroonian meat production. However, infectious diseases represent the main hindrance in this sector, resulting overuse and misuse antimicrobials that can contribute to emergence dissemination antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed evaluate prevalence genes (ARGs) conferring carbapenems (blaVIM-2 blaNDM ), (fluoro) quinolones (qnrS, qnrA, qnrB), polymyxins (mcr1 mcr5), macrolides (ermA ermB) poultry farm environment. Additionally, examined...

Avian pathogenic

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry, caused by the avian coronavirus infectious virus (IBV). Currently, one most relevant genotypes circulating worldwide IBV-QX (GI-19), for which vaccines have been developed passaging virulent QX strains in embryonated chicken eggs. Here we explored attenuated phenotype commercially available live vaccine, IB Primo QX, specific pathogens free broilers. At hatch, birds were inoculated with vaccine or its...

Abstract Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus with great economic impact on the poultry industry, causing an acute and highly contagious disease in chickens that primarily affects respiratory reproductive systems. The cellular regulation of IBV pathogenesis host immune responses involved remain to be fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as class crucial regulators numerous processes, including viral infections. Here, we employed high-throughput sequencing...

Aim The aim of the study was to validate a rapid method detect and quantify colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 mcr-5) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in diverse matrices. Methods results detection limit two newly designed SYBR Green PCR assays for mcr-4 mcr-5 previously published protocols mcr-1 mcr-3 assessed using serial dilutions reference strains. could all five mcr with lower 102 copy numbers. Escherichia coli isolates (n = 1062) environmental samples 93) were tested...

Infectious Bronchitis virus (IBV) genotype Q1 was detected for the first time in China 1996, and then spread worldwide. The report of Italy occurred 2011 a deep molecular investigation isolated 2013 has led to speculation regarding origin this genotype. Phylogenetic analysis S1 sequence Italian strain revealed close relationship with sequences 624I strains circulating early 1990s idea that an ancestor Despite fact most heterogeneity IBVs occurs gene, gene alone not sufficient confirm or deny...

Abstract Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are negative sense RNA posing a major threat to the poultry industry worldwide, with potential spread mammals, including humans; hence, an accurate and rapid AIV diagnosis is essential. To date detection relies on molecular methods, mainly RT-qPCR directed against M gene segment. The evolution of represents relevant issue in diagnostic due possible mispriming and/or probe-binding failures resulting false results. Consequently, for should be periodically...

The level of implementation biosecurity measures (BMs), the reasons for not implementing BMs and effectiveness were assessed according to perceptions stakeholders (i.e., farmers advisors) in Italian poultry farms. For this purpose, data collected using a questionnaire administered advisors (n = 37) 30) conventional broiler 13) layer 13), free-range 8) 10), turkey duck 3) breeder 7) farms between April September 2021. frequency was 66.97% 81.14% answers provided by farmers, respectively, with...

The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in chicken gut following amoxicillin thiamphenicol treatments potential co-selection ARGs. To purpose, community composition, using 16S rRNA NGS, abundance ARGs conferring β-lactams phenicols, qPCRs, were determined. Results revealed that administered antimicrobials did not significantly reduce microbiota diversity, but changed its with taxa (e.g. Gallibacterium Megamonas) being...

This paper describes the selection and validation of supporting measures (SMs) aimed at enhancing biosecurity compliance within Italian poultry farms. A tailored methodology, based on a stakeholders’ survey involving farmers advisors, included virtual farm tour, group discussion, farmer coaching. Virtual tours discussions were delivered during two meetings targeting meat egg production stakeholders, separately. Coaching was validated in 26 pilot farms (PFs) by assessing farmers’ attitudes...

Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) represent an ideal environment for biofilm formation, which can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to assess longitudinally the microbial community composition antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as determined by 16S rRNA NGS qPCR, respectively, in drinking (DW) from DWDSs, well faeces, of free-range organic broiler farms. The role DWDSs AMR gene (ARG) dissemination within farm transmission animals, was also...

Infection of chicken coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is initiated by binding the viral heavily N-glycosylated attachment protein spike to alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid receptor Neu5Ac. Previously, we have shown that N-glycosylation recombinantly expressed domain (RBD) IBV-M41 critical importance for trachea tissue. Here investigated role RBD on specificity and replication in context particle. Using our reverse genetics system were able generate recombinant IBVs nine-out-of-ten...

Escherichia coli able to produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpCs) represents a serious threat public health, since these genes confer resistance critically important antimicrobials (i.e., third generation cephalosporins) can be transferred non-resistant bacteria via plasmids. E. are known form biofilm, which favorable environment for the exchange of determinants. Here, we assessed ability 102 ESBL/pAmpC-producing isolated from broiler production...

Abstract Noroviruses (NoVs) are one of the major causative agents non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. NoVs, belonging to Caliciviridae , classified into ten genogroups (G) and eight P-groups based on capsid protein (VP1) RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp), respectively. In swine, main genogroup P-group identified GII GII.P; which can infect too. To date, only case GIIP.11 have been swine Italy while circulation other P-types is currently unknown. present study, 225 faecal...