A review of the synthesis and applications renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable hydrogels made from cellulose, chitin, some their derivatives indicates increased attention due to excellent processability, high absorbency, porosity, bioactivity, abundant active groups.

Real chemistry: Spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses confirm the chemical reaction of CO2 with carbene present in 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids supporting role ion. When was bubbled through [C2mim][OAc], formation corresponding imidazolium carboxylate, [C2mim+-COO−], could be observed. Detailed facts importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They made available submitted by...

Mechanistic analysis of the reaction between elemental sulfur or selenium and 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids, in absence an external base solvent, affords evidence for equilibrium presence carbene species these liquids. It demonstrates potential to control, through anion selection, concentration stable

Twenty eight new dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid)-based herbicidal salts, have been synthesized and characterized in order to attempt improve the efficacy of this widely known herbicide used protect maize, grassland, other cultures. The compounds, most which are ionic liquids by definition three solids melting above 100 °C, were prepared pairing quaternary tetraalkyl- or alkoxyammonium, piperidinium, imidazolium, pyridinium, morpholinium, quinolinium, phosphonium cations with...

Using permeation through a model membrane in Franz diffusion cell, we have demonstrated that acidic and basic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) deep eutectic 'liquid co-crystal' form can be held tightly together, even solution, via strong hydrogen bonds or partially ionized interactions, providing simultaneous transport at rates much higher than solutions of their corresponding, commercially available crystalline salts, albeit are lower the neutral forms individual molecules. It was...

Amphotericin B and itraconazole were used to demonstrate that ionic liquids can be designed or chosen provide tunable hydrophilicity in one ion lipophilicity the other allowing match structural requirements needed solubilize poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. These liquid, amphiphilic excipients could as both drug delivery systems solubilization agents improve aqueous solubility of many drugs. The deionized water, simulated gastric fluid, intestinal phosphate buffer...

Chitin–calcium alginate composite fibers prepared from ionic liquid solutions of high molecular weight chitin and alginic acid by dry-jet wet spinning into a saturated CaCO₃ solution, provided complete rat model wound closure in 14 days.

Pharmaceutically active compounds in ionic liquid form immobilized onto mesoporous silica are stable, easily handled solids, with fast and complete release from the carrier material when placed into an aqueous environment. Depending on specific ion-surface interactions, they may also exhibit improved thermal stability compared to non-adsorbed compounds.

Physical and/or covalently linked (chemical) hydrogels were prepared from chitin and cellulose extracted with ionic liquid shrimp shells wood biomass, respectively, compared commercially available biopolymers, practical grade chitin, microcrystalline cellulose. The highly porous aerogels formed by initial dissolution of the biopolymers in NaOH/urea aqueous systems using freeze/thaw cycles, followed thermal treatment (with or without epichlorohydrin as a cross-linker) supercritical CO2...

The relative ability of cholinium-([Ch]+)-based salts, including ionic liquids (ILs), to form biocompatible aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) was deeply scrutinized in this work. Aqueous solutions low molecular weight PEG polymers (400, 600, and 1000 g mol−1) [Ch]+ salts chloride, acetate, bicarbonate, glycolate, lactate, dihydrogenphosphate, dihydrogencitrate, bitartrate can undergo liquid–liquid demixing at certain concentrations the phase-forming components...

Neutral, non- or not easily-ionizable active pharmaceutical ingredients can take advantage of the unique property sets ionic liquids by functionalization with hydrolyzable, charged (or ionizable) groups in preparation liquid prodrugs as demonstrated here synthesis, characterization, and hydrolysis cationic acetaminophen paired docusate anion.

Biomass pretreatment using certain ionic liquids (ILs) is very efficient, generally producing a substrate that amenable to saccharification with fermentable sugar yields approaching theoretical limits. Although promising, several challenges must be addressed before an IL technology can become commercially viable. One of the most significant affordable and scalable recovery recycle itself. Pervaporation (PV) highly selective membrane separation process for quantitatively recovering volatile...

Ionic liquids (ILs), such as hydroxylammonium acetate ([NH3OH][OAc]), can reactively demineralize and remove proteins from shrimp shells in an efficient one-pot pulping process, thus allowing the isolation of native chitin with >80% purity a high degree acetylation crystallinity. Compared to previously reported IL extraction using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C2mim][OAc], these less expensive ILs achieve comparable yields purity, at up ten times biomass loading, although potentially...

Biocompatible porous and non-porous chitin films were prepared using ionic liquids their potential for drug delivery demonstrated caffeine as a model drug.

Tuning the bioavailability of lidocaine was explored by its incorporation into ionic liquid lidocainium docusate ([Lid][Doc]) and deep eutectic Lidocaine·Ibuprofen (Lid·Ibu) comparing transdermal absorption these with crystalline salt chloride ([Lid]Cl). Each form dissolved in a vehicle cream topically applied to Sprague-Dawley rats. The concentrations active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) blood plasma were monitored over time as an indication systemic absorption. concentration varied...

An ionic liquid form of sulfasalazine demonstrates improved solubility (4000×), bioavailability (2.5×), and<italic>in vivo</italic>exposure over the neutral drug.

Echte Chemie: Spektroskopische und kristallographische Analysen bestätigen die chemische Reaktion von CO2 mit Carbenen in flüssigen 1,3-Dialkylimidazoliumacetaten sowie unterstützende Rolle des Acetations diesen Reaktionen. Wenn durch [C2mim][OAc] geleitet wurde, konnte Bildung entsprechenden Imidazoliumcarboxylats, [C2mim+-COO−], beobachtet werden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited...

Eight new glyphosate-based herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs), containing both mono- and dianions of glyphosate (benzalkonium glyphosate, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)cocomethylammonium oleylmethylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium didecyldimethylammonium di(hydrogenated tallow)dimethylammonium 4-decyl-4-ethylmorpholinium di(benzalkonium) di(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)cocomethylammonium) glyphosate) were prepared via acid–base reaction between the corresponding ammonium hydroxides (some premade) free acid. The...

Ten sulfonylurea-based herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) were prepared by combining the metsulfuron-methyl anion with various cation types including quaternary ammonium ([bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methyloleylammonium]+, [2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium]+), pyridinium ([1-dodecylpyridinium]+), piperidinium ([1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium]+), imidazolium ([1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium]+, [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium]+), pyrrolidinium ([1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium]+), morpholinium...

Chemisorption of carbon dioxide by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) provides a route to coagulate chitin and cellulose from [C2mim][OAc] solutions without the use high-boiling antisolvents (e.g., water or ethanol). The CO2 chemisorption as an alternative coagulating process has potential provide economical energy-efficient method for recycling ionic liquid.

To address the need to scale up technologies for electrospinning of biopolymers from ionic liquids practical volumes, a setup multi-needle chitin using liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C2 mim]-[OAc], was designed, built, and demonstrated. Materials with controllable high surface area were prepared at nanoscale ionic-liquid solutions high-molecular-weight extracted same directly shrimp shells.