A5063769230- Advancements in Battery Materials
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEnergy FocusNEXTChallenges for and Pathways toward Li-Metal-Based All-Solid-State BatteriesPaul AlbertusPaul AlbertusDepartment of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, University Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United StatesMore by Paul Albertushttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-0529, Venkataramani AnandanVenkataramani AnandanFord Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan 48121, Anandan, Chunmei BanChunmei BanMechanical Engineering Department, Colorado, Boulder,...
Tailoring nanoarchitecture of materials offers unprecedented opportunities in utilization their functional properties. Nanostructures vanadium oxide, synthesized by electrochemical deposition, are studied as a cathode material for rechargeable Na-ion batteries. Ex situ and synchrotron characterizations revealed the presence an electrochemically responsive bilayered structure with adjustable intralayer spacing that accommodates intercalation Na(+) ions. Sodium intake induces organization...
A beyond Li-ion battery based on Zn metal, aprotic electrolyte, and a hydrated bilayered V2O5 cathode with large gallery spacing of 11–13 Å is introduced. The exhibits high 20 C rate capability good specific capacity 130 mA h g−1. This work provides some design rules for intercalation behavior in host electrodes nonaqueous environment. As service to our authors readers, this journal supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed may be re-organized online...
Abstract Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) garnet‐based materials doped with Al, Nb, or Ta to stabilize the + ‐conductive cubic phase are a particularly promising class of solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries. Understanding intrinsic reactivity between and relevant electrode is crucial developing high voltage solid‐state batteries long lifetimes. Using novel, surface science‐based approach characterize Li–solid electrolyte interface, it determined that, surprisingly, some...
Unlike the more established lithium-ion based energy storage chemistries, complex intercalation chemistry of multivalent cations in a host lattice is not well understood, especially relationship between intercalating species solution and prevalence type side reactions. Among metals, promising model system can be on nonaqueous Zn2+ ion chemistry. Several examples these systems support use Zn metal anode, reversible cathodes have been reported. This study utilizes combination analytical tools...
Nanostructured bilayered V2O5 was electrochemically deposited within a carbon nanofoam conductive support. As-prepared synthesized incorporates structural water and hydroxyl groups, which effectively stabilizes the interlayers provides coordinative preference to Mg(2+) cation in reversible cycling. This open-framework electrode shows intercalation/deintercalation of ions common electrolytes such as acetonitrile. Using scanning transmission electron microscope we demonstrate that can be...
Stable TiO2/polypyrrole nanocomposites have been synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The are capable of efficient visible-light photocatalysis driven their morphology that utilizes high concentration 4.5 nm TiO2 nanoparticles electronically coupled to 200–300 polypyrrole granules. acts as photosensitizer, and the photoactivity nanocomposite arises from electron transfer excited further across interface. is demonstrated methylene blue degradation production H2 water with...
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet-based oxides are a promising class of solid electrolytes used as the separator in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). While LLZO is considered to have wide electrochemical stability window, its intrinsic contact with lithium metal not sufficiently well understood, and there still debate on key question whether does or form passivation layers before during cycling. Utilizing both situ operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, we reveal presence kinetic...
Sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) exhibit many tantalizing properties including high ionic conductivity and favorable mechanical for next-generation batteries. Widespread adoption of these materials is hindered by their intrinsic instability under ambient conditions, which makes them difficult to process at scale, the Li||SSE cathode||SSE interfaces, limits cell performance lifetime. Atomic layer deposition leveraged grow thin Al2 O3 coatings on Li6 PS5 Cl powders address both...
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) employing zinc metal anodes are gaining traction as for moderate to long duration energy storage at scale. However, corrosion of the anode through reaction with water limits battery efficiency. Much research in past few years has focused on additives that decrease hydrogen evolution, but precise mechanisms by which this takes place often understudied and remain unclear. In work, we study role an acetonitrile antisolvent additive improving performance aqueous...
We report an electrochemically driven transformation of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes for Li-ion battery anodes into a face-centered-cubic crystalline phase that self-improves as the cycling proceeds. The intercalation/deintercalation processes Li ions in grown were studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopies along with advanced computational methods. These techniques confirm spontaneous development long-range order presence high concentration (>75%). adopted cubic...
One approach for making inexpensive inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaic (PV) cells is to fill highly ordered TiO(2) nanotube (NT) arrays with solid organic hole conductors such as conjugated polymers. Here, a new in situ UV polymerization method growing polythiophene (UV-PT) inside NTs presented and compared the conventional of infiltrating pre-synthesized polymer. A nanotubular substrate immersed 2,5-diiodothiophene (DIT) monomer precursor solution then irradiated light. The selective...
Abstract Intrinsically stable materials are desirable for constructing energy storage devices, which aim to demonstrate durability under the harsh electrochemical conditions that detrimental their lifespan. However, it is demonstrated here intrinsic instability of an interface can be converted from obstacle into advantage. In aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) exhibits considerable dissolution even in electrolyte containing Mn 2+ salt. Balancing with redeposition alleviates...
Solid-state electrolytes overcome many challenges of present-day lithium ion batteries, such as safety hazards and dendrite formation1,2. However, detailed understanding the involved dynamics is missing due to a lack in operando measurements with chemical interfacial specificity. Here we investigate prototypical solid-state electrolyte using linear nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet spectroscopies. Leveraging surface sensitivity extreme-ultraviolet-second-harmonic-generation spectroscopy,...
Composite polymer electrolytes that incorporate ceramic fillers in a matrix offer mechanical strength and flexibility as solid for lithium metal batteries. However, fast Li+ transport between Li+-conductive filler phases is not simple achievement due to high barriers exchange across the interphase. This study demonstrates how modification of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) nanofiller surfaces with silane chemistries influences at local global electrolyte scales. Anhydrous reactions covalently link...
Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are attractive materials for solid-state lithium metal batteries, owing to their high ionic conductivity from ceramic conductors and flexibility components. As with all however, CPEs face the challenge of dendrite formation propagation. Not only does this lower critical current density (CCD) before cell shorting, but uncontrolled growth deposits may limit Coulombic efficiency (CE) by creating dead lithium. Here, we present a fundamental study on how...
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was the first lithium‐ion conducting polymer developed 50 years ago and is still most popular electrolyte matrix for solid‐state lithium metal batteries. While many studies focus on increasing PEO ionic conductivity through doping with Li salts, little work has addressed using directly to generate + ‐conducting species in situ. Reaction between leads largely from , contrast case of added salts where anion contribution dominates. Herein, electrochemical impedance...
Conducting polymer films are grown by mass-selected, hyperthermal thiophene ions coincident on a surface with thermal beam of organic monomers either alpha-terthiophene (3T) or p-terphenyl (3P) neutrals. Mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy previously verified polymerization both 3T 3P 200 eV C(4)H(4)S(+) during ion-assisted deposition (SPIAD). The electronic structure these probed here ultraviolet (UPS) polarized near-edge absorption fine (NEXAFS) compared similar spectra...
Cationic polymerization is induced at the gas-solid interface by hyperthermal organic cations coincident on a surface with thermal beam of monomers. This process, termed ion-assisted deposition (SPIAD), produces films that maintain chemical structure monomer. A polythiophene film produced here SPIAD 100 eV thiophene ions and terthiophene monomers Si indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates held under vacuum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy observes enhancement in growth for compared either ion or...
We herein report on the chemical and physical changes that occur in thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, induced by exposure to high-energy vacuum ultraviolet radiation a supersonic beam neutral, ground electronic state O(3P) atomic oxygen. A combination situ quartz crystal microbalance Fourier-transform infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy were used determine photochemical reaction kinetics mechanisms during irradiation. The surface morphological measured with force...
Polythiophene films are produced via surface polymerization by ion-assisted deposition (SPIAD), in which 55−200 eV thiophene ions and α-terthiophene (3T) neutrals co-deposited on surfaces. These SPIAD polythiophene display unique optical properties their photoluminescence UV/vis absorption compared with prepared either 3T or direct ion only. The of depend the deposited ion-to-neutral ratio energy. Ion-to-neutral ratios 1/100 cause a red shift whereas ∼1/400 blue shift. Ion energies at 100...