Abstract Background Microbes benefit plants by increasing nutrient availability, producing plant growth hormones, and protecting against pathogens. However, it is largely unknown how change root microbial communities. Results In this study, we used a multi-cycle selection system infection the soilborne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8 (hereafter AG8) to examine impact rhizosphere bacterial community recruit beneficial microorganisms suppress pathogens promote growth. Successive...

Zymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria blotch (STB) on wheat. An improved method of quantifying STB symptoms was developed based automated analysis diseased leaf images made using a flatbed scanner. Naturally infected leaves (n = 949) sampled from fungicide-treated field plots comprising 39 wheat cultivars grown in Switzerland and 9 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) Oregon were included these analyses. Measures quantitative resistance percent area covered by lesions, pycnidia size gray value,...

Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) could potentially enhance some functions of the plant microbiome and emerge as a promising inoculant for improving crop performance. Here, we characterized collection bacteria, previously isolated from wheat rhizosphere, their antifungal activity against soilborne fungal pathogens. Ten SynComs with different compositions 14 bacterial strains were created. Seven protected Rhizoctonia solani AG8 infection, although not more effective than single in...

Snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs are tasked with developing cultivars that meet the standards of vegetable processing industry and ultimately consumer, all while matching or exceeding field performance existing cultivars. While traditional methods have had a long history meeting these requirements, genetic marker technology, combined knowledge important quantitative trait loci (QTL), can accelerate efforts. In contrast to dry bean, snap immature pods seeds consumed as...

Long-term nitrogen fertilization imparts significant effects on the soil environment and microbial communities relevant to nutrient cycling. Understanding complex interactions between biology, management practices, is an important step toward improving health. The Crop Residue study of Long-Term Plots at Pendleton, Oregon USA demonstrate declines in quality with acidification reduced carbon under a wheat-fallow cropping system. Soil enzyme activity (β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, acid...

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is a yield limiting disease of winter wheat worldwide. In the rainfed conditions eastern Oregon, fungicides are used to prevent loss when genetic resistant cultivars not planted. This results in loss, low test weight, and poor-quality grain unmanaged. report evaluates efficacy for control stripe cultivar blend 'LCS Sol Ax/LCS Dagger Ax' at Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center near Pendleton, OR. Area under progress curve...

Abstract Cover cropping in the fallow phase of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow systems semiarid Pacific Northwest has been identified as an opportunity to build resilience and enhance farm profitability. Nine fall‐ spring‐sown cover crops (CCs) grown during traditional period were evaluated at sites low intermediate precipitation zones region a 2‐year study (2021 2022). The fall‐sown CCs included pea Pisum sativum L.), lentil Lens culinaris Medik.), fall species mix; common...

ABSTRACT Root rot diseases of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a constraint to dry and snap production. We developed the RR138 RI mapping population from cross OSU5446, susceptible line that meets current processing industry standards, RR6950, root resistant with small brown seeds. evaluated beginning in F 6 generation for resistance Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Oregon Aphanomyces euteiches (Drechsler) Wisconsin. The was set architecture traits at location. three seasons, whereas...

Abstract Hyperspectral imaging allows for rapid, non-destructive and objective assessments of crop health. Narrowband-hyperspectral data was used to select wavelength regions that can be exploited identify wheat infected with soil-borne mosaic virus. First, leaf samples were scanned in the lab investigate spectral differences between healthy diseased leaves, including non-symptomatic symptomatic areas within a leaf. The potential 84 commonly vegetation indices find infection explored. A...

No-till or direct seeding can be described as directly into the crop stubble from previous season without use of tillage. A reduction in tillage result many benefits, including increased soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and reduced fuel costs. However, effect no-till on root disease profiles is poorly understood. To study dynamics, samples were collected commercial wheat fields representing a wide range strategies fall 2016 2017. Because precipitation might affect soilborne...

Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of Septoria blotch (STB), a disease wheat (Triticum aestivum) that results in significant yield loss worldwide. Z. tritici’s life cycle, reproductive system, effective population size, and gene flow put it at high likelihood developing fungicide resistance. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides (FRAC code 7) were not widely used to control STB Willamette Valley until 2016. Field isolates collected dates spanning introduction SDHI (2015...

The development of resistance to multiple fungicide classes is currently limiting disease management options for many pathogens, while the discovery new may become less frequent. In light this, more research needed quantify virulence trade-offs in order fully understand implications on pathogen fitness. purpose this study was measure azoxystrobin-resistant and -sensitive Zymoseptoria tritici populations collected from North South Willamette Valley, Oregon, 2012 2015. Inoculum mixtures known...

Fungicide resistance can cause disease control failure in agricultural systems, and is particularly concerning with Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch wheat. In North America, first quinone outside inhibitor Z. was discovered Willamette Valley Oregon 2012, which prompted this hierarchical survey commercial winter wheat fields to monitor azoxystrobin- propiconazole-resistant tritici. Surveys were conducted June 2014, January 2015, May 2016. The organized a...

Liming is an effective agricultural practice and broadly used to ameliorate soil acidification in ecosystems. Our understanding of the impacts lime application on fungal community scarce. In this study, we explored responses communities liming at two locations with decreasing pH Oregon Pacific Northwest using high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). results revealed that location did not significantly affect diversity richness, impact depth varied among locations. contrast, had a strong...

Plant is one of the primary drivers microbial communities in rhizosphere. The consistent presence same plant species over time such as monocropping agriculture can drive significant changes plant-associated microbiomes. Most studies with have focused on bacteria, which are involved natural suppression a number soilborne diseases, including Rhizoctonia root rot and take-all. However, few examined how pathogens jointly affect structure fungal In this greenhouse study, rhizosphere from...

Abstract Background: Microbes benefit plants by increasing nutrient availability, producing plant growth hormones, and protecting against pathogens. However, it is largely unknown how change root microbial communities. Results: In this study, we used a multi-cycle selection system infection the soilborne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8 (hereafter AG8) to examine impact rhizosphere bacterial community recruit beneficial microorganisms suppress pathogens promote growth. Successive...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat ( Triticum aestivum) worldwide. This caused by species including graminearum Schwabe sensu stricto, F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc., and pseudograminearum O'Donnell & T. Aoki . diagnostic guide provides information on the pathogen, signs symptoms disease, host range, geographic distribution. A discussion mycotoxins produced pathogens, as well management strategies, also presented. Proper diagnosis will allow practitioners...

Abstract Classic evolutionary theory suggests that mutations associated with antimicrobial and pesticide resistance result in a fitness cost the absence of selective agent or pesticide. There is experimental evidence to support costs anti‐microbial compounds pesticides across many biological disciplines, including human pathology, entomology, plant sciences, pathology. However, researchers have also found examples neutral increased resistance, where effect given mutation depends on...

Cochliobolus victoria, the causal agent of Victoria blight, is pathogenic due to its production a toxin called victorin. Victorin sensitivity in oats, barley, Brachypodium spp., and Arabidopsis has been associated with nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes, class genes known for conferring disease resistance. In this work, we investigated Phaseolus vulgaris We found that victorin sensivity developmentally regulated, quantitative trait. A single trait locus (QTL) accounted...

Fusarium crown rot of winter wheat is an economically important disease in most regions where grown. caused by culmorum and F. pseudograminearum. This diagnostic guide details information to aid field, molecular, morphological diagnosis rot.