The popularity and the high nicotine content of American pod e-cigarette JUUL have raised many concerns. To comply with European law, concentration in liquids version, which has been recently released on market, is limited to below 20 mg/mL. This limit can possibly be circumvented by technological adjustments that increase vaporization consequently, elevate delivery. In this study, we compare vapor generation delivery initial a modified original high-nicotine variant using machine vaping...

Abstract Since laser treatment of tattoos is the favored method for removing no longer wanted permanent skin paintings, analytical, biokinetics and toxicological data on fragmentation pattern commonly used pigments are urgently required health safety reasons. Applying dynamic headspace—gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (DHS—GC/MS) comprehensive two-dimensional gas coupled to time-of-flight spectrometry (GCxGC—ToF-MS), we identified 1,2-benzene dicarbonitrile, benzonitrile,...

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is metabolized into a complex pattern of BP derivatives, among which the ultimate carcinogen (+)-anti-BP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) formed to certain extents. Skin frequently in contact with PAHs and data on metabolic capacity skin tissue toward these compounds are inconclusive. We compared metabolism excised human skin, commercially available vitro 3D models primary 2D cell cultures, analyzed metabolically catalyzed occurrence...

The implementation of regulation for tattoo ink ingredients across Europe has generated the need analytical methods suitable to identify prohibited compounds. Common challenges this subject are poor solubility and lack volatility most pigments polymers applied in inks. Here, we present pyrolysis coupled online gas chromatography electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) as quick reliable tool pigment identification using both purified formulations. Some 36 organic frequently...

Activation of the cold-receptor TRPM8 by menthol or other tobacco additives can suppress natural defense reactions such as coughing that usually would become effective involuntary resistance against inhalation fumes. In Europe is only regulated flavor, but be used additive long no characteristic mint-like aroma will noticeable in end-product tobacco. The question needs to addressed whether comparatively minor contents sufficient trigger a measurable activation TRPM8. this study, we have...

The majority of printing inks are based on mineral oils (MOs) which contain complex mixtures saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Consumer exposure to these occurs either through direct skin contacts or, more frequently, as a result MO migration into the contents food packaging that was made from recycled newspaper. Despite this ubiquitous frequent little is known about potential toxicological effects, particularly with regard fractions. From point view huge amount alkylated unsubstituted...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent environmental pollutants, which occasionally appear as contaminants in consumer products. Upon dermal contact, transfer of PAH into the stratum corneum (s.c.) and migration through skin may occur, resulting this class highly toxic compounds to become bioavailable. In study, penetration human porcine 24 PAH, comprising broad mass (152–302 g/mol) octanol-water partition coefficient (logP: 3.9–7.3) ranges, was evaluated via Franz diffusion...

Synthesis and characterization of (R)-Nα-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-Nω-([2,3-3H]-propanoyl)argininamide ([3H]-UR-MK114), an easily accessible tritium-labeled NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) antagonist (KB: 0.8 nM, calcium assay, HEL cells) derived from the (R)-argininamide BIBP 3226, is reported. The radioligand binds with high affinity (KD, saturation: 1.2 kinetic experiments: 1.1 SK-N-MC selectivity for Y1R over Y2, Y4, Y5 receptors. title compound a useful pharmacological tool...

The ubiquitous occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leads to constant human exposure at low levels. Toxicologically relevant are especially the high-molecular weight substances due their (pro-)carcinogenic potential. Following ingestion or uptake, eukaryotic phase I metabolism often activates these become potent DNA binders, and unsurprisingly DNA-adduct formation model such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) well studied. However, apart from being subjected transformations PAHs also...

The ISO 16000 standard series provide guidelines for emission measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials. However, polymer-based consumer products such as toys may also release harmful substances into indoor air. In cases, the existing procedures are unsuitable official control laboratories due to high costs large testing chambers. This paper aims at developing and comparing alternative more competitive methods products. influence chamber size was investigated...

When utilized in the perfuming of children's toys, fragrances capable inducing contact allergy human skin may also become bioavailable to children via inhalation route. The aim this study was determine area-specific emission rates 24 from a plasticized PVC reference material that meant mimic real plastic toy. This introduced into an chamber for 28 days at handling conditions or worst-case conditions. As result, can be separated three categories according their ranging 0.0041 16.2 mg/m² × h,...

Abstract Fragrances capable of inducing contact allergy in skin potentially can migrate from the toy to child via oral or dermal contacts. The goal this work was developing an analytical method based on dynamic headspace GC–MS determine concentration 24 fragrances saliva sweat simulant. Under optimized conditions, 5 mL migration simulant with 2 g sodium chloride were incubated for 10 min at 30°C. purged a flow rate 50 mL/min. compounds quantified by internal calibration resulting good...

In this study, we have analysed the apoptotic effects of ubiquitous environmental toxin benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in HaCaT cells and human keratinocytes. Although prolonged exposure to BP was not cytotoxic on its own, a strong enhancement CD95 (Fas)-mediated apoptosis observed with at concentrations activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Importantly, ultimately mutagenic BP-metabolite, that is, (+)-anti-BP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), failed enhance CD95-mediated cell death, suggesting...

Analogues of the argininamide-type NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) antagonist BIBP3226, bearing carbamoyl moieties at guanidine group, revealed subnanomolar Ki values and caused depression maximal response to (calcium assay) by up 90% in a concentration- time-dependent manner, suggesting insurmountable antagonism. To gain insight into mechanism binding synthesized compounds, tritiated antagonist,...

Consumer products with high contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were repeatedly identified by market surveillance authorities. Since several the individual compounds have been as genotoxic carcinogens, there might be health risks associated usage these items. It therefore becomes reasonable to argue reduce PAH in consumer a level low possible. This study presents data on migration PAHs from into aqueous sweat simulant or ethanol and its combined penetration human skin....

The development of consumerism led to an increase in toy production. Such consumer products may contain non-intentionally added toxic substances that can emit from the product and be inhaled by consumer. Little data is available on inhalation exposure humans volatile organic compounds (VOCs) products, so a reliable assessment needed. Only emission chamber technique developed for building material emissions provide solid estimations as it allows studied under real room conditions. This paper...