Aims: To evaluate the numbers and selected phenotypic genotypic characteristics of faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli enterococci in gull faeces at representative Great Lakes swimming beaches United States. Methods Results: E. were enumerated by membrane filtration. genotypes (rep-PCR genomic profiles) (Vitek® GNI+) (API® rapid ID 32 Strep resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline ampicillin) phenotypes determined for isolates obtained from both early late...

Antibiotics are still widely applied in animal husbandry to prevent diseases and used as feed additives promote growth. This could result antibiotic resistance bacteria residues animals. In this paper, Enterobacteriaceae isolated from four integrated fish farms Zhongshan, South China were tested for resistance, tetracycline genes, sulfonamide class 1 integrons. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays carried out test susceptibility respectively....

This study quantified Escherichia coli (EC) and enterococci (ENT) in beach waters dominant source materials, correlated these with ambient conditions, determined selected EC genotypes ENT phenotypes. Bathing-water criteria were exceeded more frequently than criteria, providing conflicting interpretations of water quality. Dominant sources bird feces (108/d/bird), storm drains (107/d), river (1011/d); sands, shallow groundwater detritus additional sources. Beach-water phenotypes formed...

Summary In a contaminated water‐table aquifer, we related microbial community structure on aquifer sediments to gradients in 24 geochemical and contaminant variables at five depths, under three recharge conditions. Community amplified ribsosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) using universal 16S rDNA primers denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bacterial indicated: (i) communities the anoxic, central zone were similar regardless of recharge; (ii) after recharge, greatest depth...

ABSTRACT To effectively manage surface and ground waters it is necessary to improve our ability detect identify sources of fecal contamination. We evaluated the use anaerobic bacterial group Bacteroides-Prevotella as a potential indicator. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) 16S rRNA genes from this was used determine differences in populations any unique chickens, cows, deer, dogs, geese, horses, humans, pigs, seagulls. The appears be good indicator all groups tested except...

Effects upon microbial communities from environmental exposure to concentrations of antibiotics in the μg L(-1) range remain poorly understood. Microbial an oligotrophic aquifer (estimated doubling rates only once per week) that were previously acclimated (AC) or unacclimated (UAC) historical sulfamethoxazole (SMX) contamination, and a laboratory-grown Pseudomonas stutzeri strain, exposed 240-520 SMX for 30 days situ using filter chambers allowing ambient groundwater, but not microorganisms....

Quantitative assessment of bacterial pathogens, their geographic variability, and distribution in various matrices at Great Lakes beaches are limited. PCR (qPCR) was used to test for genes from E. coli O157:H7 (eaeO157), shiga-toxin producing (stx2), Campylobacter jejuni (mapA), Shigella spp. (ipaH), a Salmonella enterica-specific (SE) DNA sequence seven beaches, algae, water, sediment. Overall, detection frequencies were mapA>stx2>ipaH>SE>eaeO157. Results highly variable among matrices;...

First posted May 23, 2024 For additional information, contact: Director, Water Resources Mission AreaU.S. Geological Survey12201 Sunrise Valley DriveReston, VA 20192Contact Pubs Warehouse Algal blooms in water, soils, dusts, and the environment have captured national attention because of concerns associated with exposure to algal toxins for humans animals. naturally occur all surface-water types are important primary producers aquatic ecosystems. However, excessive algae growth can be many...

The relation of bacterial pathogen occurrence to fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations used for recreational water quality criteria (RWQC) is poorly understood. This study determined the Shiga‐toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) markers and their FIB in Michigan Indiana river water. Using 67 coliform (FC) cultures from 41 sites multiple watersheds, we evaluated five STEC markers: (EC) O157 antigen gene, virulence genes eae A, stx 1, 2. Simple isolations selected FC yielded viable...

The objective of this study was to compare fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli [EC], and enterococci [ENT]) concentrations with a wide array typical organic wastewater chemicals selected bacterial genes as indicators pollution in water samples collected at or near 18 surface drinking intakes. Genes tested included esp (indicating human-pathogenic ENT) nine associated various animal sources shiga-toxin-producing EC (STEC). Fecal indicated by and/or for 14 the...

Manure spills into streams are relatively frequent, but no studies have characterized stream contamination with zoonotic and veterinary pathogens, or fecal chemicals, following a spill. We tested water sediment over 25 days downstream for 7.6 km the following: indicator bacteria (FIB), chemicals cholesterol coprostanol, 20 genes swine-specific bacterial pathogens by presence/absence PCR viable cells, one Escherichia coli toxin gene (STII gene) quantitative (qPCR), nine human animal viruses...

This study examines the use of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) as a predictor presence Helicobacter spp. A combination standard culture and molecular techniques were used to detect quantify FIB, H. pylori from five North American rivers different size with land characteristics. Primers designed amplify genes specific evaluated for their efficacy in detection quantification environmental samples. detected 18/33 (55%) river was 11/33 (33%) FIB found 32/33 (96%) When abundance exceeded USEPA...

Understanding of factors that influence Escherichia coli (EC) and enterococci (ENT) concentrations, pathogen occurrence, microbial sources at Great Lakes beaches comes largely from individual beach studies. Using 12 representative beaches, we tested enrichment cultures 273 water 22 tributary samples for EC, ENT, genes indicating the bacterial pathogens Shiga-toxin producing E. (STEC), Shigella spp., Salmonella spp, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a threat to human health worldwide, and although detected at marine beaches, they have been largely unstudied freshwater beaches. Genes indicating S. (SA; femA) methicillin resistance (mecA) were 11 12 of 13 US Great Lakes beaches in 18% or 27% 287 recreational water samples, respectively. Eight had mecA+femA (potential MRSA) detections. During an intensive study, higher bather numbers, staphylococci concentrations, femA detections found...

The open waters of large lakes can sometimes become so depleted in important metals that phytoplankton communities either growth limited or some metabolic function. Metals such as Fe, Ni, Mo, and Zn are used co-factors for enzymes by core functions, well pathways allow to use less preferred forms N P (e.g. nitrates, urea, organic phosphorus). In the Laurentian Great Lakes, metal limitation has been observed primarily isolated from tributary inputs sediment exchange. These situations where...

The Lakewide Management Plans (LaMPs) within the Great Lakes region are examples of broad-scale, collaborative resource-management efforts that require a sound ecosystems approach. Yet, LaMP process is lacking holistic framework allows these individual actions to be planned and understood broader context ecosystem. In this paper we (1) introduce conceptual unifies ideas language among managers scientists, whose focus areas range from tributary watersheds open-lake waters, (2) illustrate how...

Regression analyses and hydrodynamic modeling were used to identify environmental factors flow paths associated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations at Memorial Metropolitan Beaches on Lake St. Clair in Macomb County, Mich. is part of the binational waterway between United States Canada that connects Huron Erie Great Lakes Basin. Linear regression, regression-tree, logistic regression models developed from E. concentration ancillary data. log10 indicated rainfall prior sampling,...

Clostridium botulinum type E toxin is responsible for extensive mortality of birds and fish in the Great Lakes. The C. bontE gene that produces was amplified with quantitative PCR from 150 sloughed algal samples (primarily Cladophora species) collected during summer 2012 10 Lakes beaches five states; concurrently, 74 sediment 37 water four sites were also analyzed. concentration algae significantly higher than (P < 0.05), suggesting mats provide a better microenvironment botulinum. detected...

Introduction Since the enactment of Clean Water Act in 1972, awareness quality Nation's water has continued to improve. Despite improvements wastewater-treatment systems and increased regulation on waste discharge, bacterial chemical contamination is still a problem for many rivers lakes throughout United States. Pathogenic microorganism newly recognized contaminants have been found waters that are used drinking recreation (Rose Grimes, 2001; Kolpin others, 2002). This summary bacteria...

Water samples collected from 20 stream sites in Oakland and Macomb Counties, Mich., were analyzed to learn more about the occurrence of cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) co-occurrence antibiotics mercury area streams. Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations exceeded Michigan recreational water-quality standard 300 E. colony forming units (CFU) per 100 milliliters water 19 35 stream-water County. A gene commonly associated with humans...

First posted December 5, 2017 For additional information, contact: Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 6520 Mercantile Way Suite 5 Lansing, MI 48911 Although cyanotoxins released during algal blooms have become an increasing concern in surface waters across the United States, presence of northern Michigan lakes had not been evaluated detail. The and National Park Service (NPS) led a 2-year study (2012 2013) to determine microcystin other toxins several inland...

From March through November 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), did a statewide screening to aid understanding occurrence and distribution selected pesticides streams. Stream-water samples were collected from 23 sites throughout Michigan. In all, 320 water analyzed by use rapid immunoassay methods for herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, simazine insecticides chlorpyrifos diazinon. On one occasion (June, 2005), atrazine...

Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) concentrations in beach water have been used for many years as a criterion closing beaches due to potential health concerns. Yet, current understanding of sources and transport mechanisms that drive FIB occurrence remains insufficient accurate prediction closures at beaches. Murphy Park Beach, relatively pristine on Green Bay Door County, Wis., was selected study evaluate mechanisms. Although the nature yielded no detection pathogenic bacterial genes low during...