A5064838418- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Microbial infections and disease research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
United States Geological Survey
2012-2024
National Wildlife Health Center
2012-2024
Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
2011
New York State Department of Health
2009
University of Florida
2000-2004
The introduction of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) and mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus) to the Hawaiian Islands (USA) is believed have played a major role in decline extinction native honeycreepers (Drepanidinae). This introduced disease thought be one primary factors limiting recovery at elevations below 1,200 m where forest habitats are still relatively intact. One few remaining species with wide elevational distribution Hawaii Amakihi (Hernignathus virens). We measured morbidity...
SUMMARY Native Hawaiian forest birds are facing a major extinction crisis with more than 75% of species recorded in historical times either extinct or endangered. Reasons for this catastrophe include habitat destruction, competition non-native species, and introduction predators avian diseases. We tested susceptibility Iiwi ( Vestiaria coccinea ), declining native Nutmeg Mannikins Lonchura punctulata common to an isolate Plasmodium relictum from the island Hawaii. Food consumption, weight,...
The global spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has stimulated interest in a better understanding mechanisms dispersal, including potential role migratory birds as carriers. Although wild have been found dead during outbreaks, evidence suggests that others survived natural infections, and recent studies shown several species ducks capable surviving experimental inoculations shedding virus. To investigate possibility means dispersal into North America, we monitored for...
Abstract A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus belonging to the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses was detected in North America late 2014. Motivated by identification of these domestic poultry Canada, an intensive study initiated conduct surveillance wild birds Pacific Flyway United States. total 4,729 hunter-harvested were sampled and 1.3% (n = 63). Three subtypes isolated from birds, H5N2, H5N8, H5N1, representing wholly Eurasian lineage H5N8 two reassortant viruses. Testing 150...
Six of seven Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) with chronic malarial infections had no increases in peripheral parasitemia, declines food consumption, or loss body weight when rechallenged the homologous isolate Plasmodium relictum 61 to 62 days after initial infection. Five uninfected control amakihi exposed at same time infective mosquito bites developed acute high parasitemias. Reductions consumption and occurred all birds three these individuals eventually died. When surviving were >2...
Ecology Letters (2011) 14 : 24–33 Abstract Despite the importance of migratory birds in ecology and evolution avian influenza virus (AIV), there is a lack information on patterns AIV spread at intra‐continental scale. We applied variety statistical phylogeographic techniques to plethora viral genome sequence data determine strength, pattern determinants gene flow sampled from wild North America. These analyses revealed clear isolation‐by‐distance among sampling localities. In addition, we...
Avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds has been of increasing interest over the last decade due to emergence AIVs that cause significant disease and mortality both poultry humans. While research clearly demonstrates can move across Pacific or Atlantic Ocean, there no data support mechanism how this occurs. In spring autumn 2010 2011 we obtained cloacal swab samples from 1078 waterfowl, gulls, shorebirds various species southwest west Iceland tested them for AIV. From these, isolated fully...
Influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate endemically among many wild aquatic bird populations that seasonally migrate between wintering grounds in southern latitudes to breeding ranges along the perimeter of circumpolar arctic. Arctic and subarctic zones are hypothesized serve as ecologic drivers intercontinental movement reassortment IAVs due high densities disparate long distance migratory native species present during seasons. Iceland is a staging ground connects East Atlantic North American...
To investigate the role of migratory birds in dissemination West Nile virus (WNV), we measured prevalence infectious WNV and specific neutralizing antibodies birds, principally Passeriformes, during spring fall migrations Atlantic Mississippi flyways from 2001-2003. Blood samples were obtained 13,403 representing 133 species. Specific antibody was detected 254 resident 39 species, most commonly northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) (9.8%, N = 762) gray catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis)...
Eurasian (EA)-origin H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza viruses were first detected in North America during December 2014. Subsequent reassortment with American (AM) low-pathogenic wild-bird-origin has generated at least two reassortants, including an EA/AM H5N1 from apparently healthy wild green-winged teal, suggesting continued ongoing reassortment.
Abstract The outbreak and transmission of disease-causing pathogens are contributing to the unprecedented rate biodiversity decline. Recent advances in genomics have coalesced into powerful tools monitor, detect, reconstruct role impacting wildlife populations. Wildlife researchers thus uniquely positioned merge ecological evolutionary studies with genomic technologies exploit “Big Data” disease research; however, many lack training expertise required use these computationally intensive...
Abstract Mercury contamination in wetland biota is often dynamic, difficult to predict, and costly track. In this paper, we present results from a six‐year study of growing feathers piscivorous birds as monitors Hg exposure Florida, USA, wetlands. Between 1994 2000, collected great egret ( Ardea alba ) nestlings colonies the freshwater Everglades southern during 1998, were chicks both egrets white ibises Eudocimus albus at variety throughout peninsular Florida. Coastal showed significantly...
Abstract Perpetuation, overwintering, and extinction of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in northern foci are poorly understood. We therefore sought to describe the molecular epidemiology EEEV New York State during current past epizootics. To determine whether overwinters, is periodically reintroduced, or both, we sequenced E2 partial NSP3 coding regions 42 isolates from Eastern Seaboard United States. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that derived subclades tended contain southern...
Introduced avian pox virus and malaria have had devastating impacts on native Hawaiian forest birds, yet little has been published about their prevalence distribution in bird communities outside of windward Hawaii Island. We surveyed non-native birds for these two diseases at three different elevations leeward Mauna Loa Volcano the Kona Forest Unit Hakalau National Wildlife Refuge. Prevalence by both serology microscopy varied elevation ranged from 28% 710 m to 13% 1830 m. pox-like lesions...
Although wild waterfowl are the main reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIv), environment plays a critical role circulation and persistence of AIv. LPAIv may persist extended periods in cold environments, suggesting that breeding areas northern hemisphere be an important AIv contrast to warmer southern wintering areas. We evaluated whether wetlands, with relatively small populations (thousands) resident waterfowl, maintain summer, prior arrival millions migratory birds....
Abstract Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2), recently detected in the western United States, has potential to cause mass mortality events wild rabbit and hare populations. Currently, few management strategies exist other than vaccination. We developed a spatially explicit model of RHDV2 for population riparian brush rabbits ( Sylvilagus bachmani riparius ), subspecies classified as endangered on subsection San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge. The goal our was provide guidance...
First posted May 23, 2024 For additional information, contact: Director, Water Resources Mission AreaU.S. Geological Survey12201 Sunrise Valley DriveReston, VA 20192Contact Pubs Warehouse Algal blooms in water, soils, dusts, and the environment have captured national attention because of concerns associated with exposure to algal toxins for humans animals. naturally occur all surface-water types are important primary producers aquatic ecosystems. However, excessive algae growth can be many...
Abstract The movement of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) virus across Eurasia and into North America the virus' propensity to reassort with co-circulating low pathogenicity viruses raise concerns among poultry producers, wildlife biologists, aviculturists, public health personnel worldwide. Surveillance, modeling, experimental research will provide knowledge required for intelligent policy management decisions.
In 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses spread across the Republic of Korea and ultimately were reported in China, Japan, Russia, Europe. Mortality associated with a reassortant HPAI H5N2 virus was detected poultry farms western Canada at end November. The same strain (with identical genetic structure) then free-living wild birds that had died prior to December 8, unrelated causes Whatcom County, Washington, U. S. A., an area contiguous index Canadian...
Marijuana (Cannabis spp.) growing operations (MGO) in California have increased substantially since the mid-1990s. One environmental side-effect of MGOs is extensive use anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) to prevent damage marijuana plants caused by wild rodents. In association with a long-term demographic study, we report on an observation brodifacoum AR exposure threatened species, northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), found freshly dead within 669–1347 m at least seven active...
Between 2014 and 2017, widespread seabird mortality events were documented annually in the Bering Chukchi seas, concurrent with dramatic reductions of sea ice, warmer than average ocean temperatures, rapid shifts marine ecosystems. Among other changes environment, harmful algal blooms (HABs) that produce neurotoxins saxitoxin (STX) domoic acid (DA) have been identified as a growing concern this region. Although STX DA Alaska (US) for decades, current projections suggest incidence HABs is...
In 2006 the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Interior, and cooperating state fish wildlife agencies began surveillance for high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds Pacific Flyway United States. This effort was highly integrated California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, western Montana, with collection samples coordinated agencies. Sampling focused on live birds, hunter-killed waterfowl during hunting seasons, bird mortality events. Of 20,888...
The utility of using Nobuto paper strips for the detection avian influenza antibodies was examined in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with low pathogenic viruses. Blood collected 2 wk after infection and preserved either as serum or whole blood absorbed onto strips. Analysis samples a commercially available blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed comparable results (≥96% sensitivity all methods) between sera stored at −30 C strip preservation method even...
Since the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in eastern hemisphere, numerous surveillance programs and studies have been undertaken to detect occurrence, distribution, or viruses (AIV) wild bird populations worldwide. To identify demographic determinants spatiotemporal patterns AIV infection long distance migratory waterfowl North America, we fitted generalized linear models with binominal distribution analyze results from 13,574 blue-winged teal (Anas discors, BWTE)...