A5074369323- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Fogarty International Center
2018-2023
National Institutes of Health
2017-2023
Bridge University
2019-2020
Karakoram International University
2019-2020
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2013
Sanofi (United States)
2013
Office of Infectious Diseases
2013
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
2013
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2013
J. Craig Venter Institute
2005-2012
Although common among bacteria, lateral gene transfer—the movement of genes between distantly related organisms—is thought to occur only rarely bacteria and multicellular eukaryotes. However, the presence endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia pipientis , within some eukaryotic germlines may facilitate bacterial transfers host genomes. We therefore examined genomes for evidence transfer events from their hosts. found confirmed into four insect nematode species that range nearly entire genome...
Parasitic nematodes that cause elephantiasis and river blindness threaten hundreds of millions people in the developing world. We have sequenced approximately 90 megabase (Mb) genome human filarial parasite Brugia malayi predict 11,500 protein coding genes 71 Mb robustly assembled sequence. Comparative analysis with free-living, model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that, despite these having maintained little conservation local synteny during 350 million years evolution, they...
Most RNA viruses lack the mechanisms to recognize and correct mutations that arise during genome replication, resulting in quasispecies diversity is required for pathogenesis adaptation. However, it not known how encoding large viral genomes such as Coronaviridae (26 32 kb) balance requirements stability diversity. Further, limits of replication infidelity decreased fidelity impacts virus fitness over time are known. Our previous work demonstrated genetic inactivation coronavirus...
Influenza viruses are remarkably adept at surviving in the human population over a long timescale. The influenza A virus continues to thrive even among populations with widespread access vaccines, and be major cause of morbidity mortality. mutates from year year, making existing vaccines ineffective on regular basis, requiring that new strains chosen for vaccine. Less-frequent changes, known as antigenic shift, create against which has little protective immunity, thereby causing worldwide...
Infection by human rhinovirus (HRV) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract disease worldwide displays considerable phenotypic variation. We examined diversity completing the genome sequences for all known serotypes ( n = 99). Superimposition capsid crystal structure optimal-energy RNA configurations established alignments phylogeny. These revealed conserved motifs; clade-specific diversity, including potential newly identified species (HRV-D); mutations in field isolates;...
We surveyed the genetic diversity among avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds, comprising 167 complete viral genomes from 14 bird species sampled four locations across United States. These isolates represented 29 type A hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtype combinations, with up to 26% of showing evidence mixed infection. Through a phylogenetic analysis largest data set AIV compiled date, we were able document remarkably high rate genome reassortment, no clear pattern gene...
Most emerging health threats are of zoonotic origin. For the overwhelming majority, their causative agents RNA viruses which include but not limited to HIV, Influenza, SARS, Ebola, Dengue, and Hantavirus. Of increasing importance therefore is a better understanding global viral diversity enable surveillance prediction pandemic threats; this will require rapid flexible methods for complete genome sequencing. We have adapted SISPA methodology [1–3] sequencing DNA viruses. demonstrated utility...
An electron microscopic study of the tibial epiphyseal plates growing rats reveals that resorption unmineralized and mineralized cartilage occurs by two different mechanisms. During transverse cartilaginous walls between chondrocytes are invaded capillary sprouts. At zone, numerous cytoplasmic processes derived primarily from perivascular cells and, to a lesser extent, endothelial sprouts penetrate appear lyse walls. Hydrolases released degenerating and/or may also participate in this...
An electron microscopic study of Araldite-embedded, undecalcified human woven and chick lamellar bone is presented. The fine structure the cells in their normal milieu described. Active osteoblasts possess abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum, numerous small vesicles, a few secretion droplets. Their long cytoplasmic processes penetrate osteoid. transition into osteoid osteocytes then traced found to involve progressive reduction organelles. Adjoining layer amorphous material which...
The surface structure of a gland epithelium (Drosophila salivary gland), particularly that at the junction between cells, was examined under electron microscope. junctional surface, which in preceding paper shown to be highly permeable ions, has following structural characteristics. About two-thirds it are profusely infolded; membranes adjoining cells interdigitate and present desmosomes. width intercellular space varies considerably. remainder third abuts on lumen, is rather straight. Here,...
The H1N1 subtype of influenza A virus has caused substantial morbidity and mortality in humans, first documented the global pandemic 1918 continuing to present day. Despite this disease burden, evolutionary history A/H1N1 is not well understood, particularly whether there a virological basis for several notable epidemics unusual severity 1940s 1950s. Using data set 71 representative complete genome sequences sampled between 2006, we show that segmental reassortment played an important role...
Reproducible pressure-volume curves have been obtained from fresh left ventricles removed 10 cats and 27 dogs. Electron microscopic observations of sarcomere length structure in the walls these chambers correlated with parameters passive filling. In both dog cat a similar relation to filling pressure is observed, 12 mm Hg corresponding 2.2 µ. Sarcomeres shorter than 1.85 µ are not observed under conditions tend be longest inner layer ventricular wall. Filling more general reproducible index...
Abstract To better understand the ecology and epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in its transcontinental spread, we sequenced analyzed complete genomes 36 recent A (H5N1) viruses collected from birds Europe, northern Africa, southeastern Asia. These sequences, among first outside Asia, clearly depict lineages now infecting wild domestic Europe Africa show relationships these isolates other strains affecting both humans. The fall into 3 distinct lineages, 1 which contains...
Group A human rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Yet, aside from the genes encoding serotype antigens (VP7; G-type VP4; P-type), little is known about genetic make-up emerging endemic RV strains. To gain insight into diversity evolution RVs circulating at single location over period time, we sequenced eleven-segmented, double-stranded RNA genomes fifty-one G3P[8] strains collected 1974 to 1991 Children's Hospital National Medical...
Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of influenza A virus is central to its surveillance and control. While immune-driven antigenic drift a key determinant viral evolution across epidemic seasons, processes shaping diversity within seasons are less clear. Here we show with phylogenetic analysis 413 complete genomes human H3N2 viruses collected between 1997 2005 from New York State, United States, that genetic both abundant largely generated through seasonal importation multiple divergent...
Coronaviruses are well known for their potential to change host or tissue tropism, resulting in unpredictable new diseases and changes pathogenicity; severe acute respiratory syndrome feline coronaviruses, respectively, the most recognized examples. Feline coronaviruses occur as 2 pathotypes: nonvirulent enteric (FECVs), which replicate intestinal epithelium cells, lethal infectious peritonitis viruses (FIPVs), macrophages. Evidence indicates that FIPV originates from FECV by mutation, but...
Freshwater lakes and ponds present an ecological interface between humans a variety of host organisms. They are habitat for the larval stage many insects may serve as medium intraspecies interspecies transmission viruses such avian influenza A virus. Furthermore, freshwater bodies already known repositories disease-causing Norwalk Virus, Coxsackievirus, Echovirus, Adenovirus. While RNA virus populations have been studied in marine environments, to this date there has very limited analysis...
Background Since its initial detection in April 2009, the A/H1N1pdm influenza virus has spread rapidly humans, with over 5,700 human deaths. However, little is known about evolutionary dynamics of H1N1pdm and geographic temporal diversification.Methods Phylogenetic analysis was conducted upon concatenated coding regions whole-genome sequences from 290 isolates sampled globally between 1 - July 9, including relatively large samples US states Wisconsin New York. Results At least 7...
The electron microscopic alterations of the alveolar septum in advanced hemodynamin and alloxan-induced pulmonary edema were compared. Pulmonary was produced anesthetized dogs by means increased lefy atrial pressure hemodilution allocan administration. Sections tissue from these similarly controls processed for examined light microscopy. In hemodynamic form interstitial fluid collects only collagen-containing portions septum. endothelium, epithelium, their respective basement membranes large...
Influenza A viruses are human and animal pathogens that cause morbidity mortality, which range from mild to severe. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by the emergence of a reassortant subtype (H1N1pdm) influenza virus containing gene segments originally circulated in human, avian, swine reservoirs. molecular determinants replication pathogenesis H1N1pdm humans other mammals poorly understood. Therefore, we set out elucidate viral critical this novel using mouse model. We found...
The relations between ultrastructure and function have been examined in the canine left ventricle under known hemodynamic conditions. Left ventricles of normal dogs were fixed acutely by rapid perfusions coronary arteries either diastole or systole, also following acute ventricular distension, potentiation contraction. Sarcomere lengths at midwall averaged 2.07 µ end 1.81 changes that are adequate to explain degree emptying. Following marked emptying induced postextrasystolic potentiation,...
The structure of the zona glomerulosa rat adrenal gland stimulated by sodium restriction has been studied light and electron microscopy. major changes observed during course experiment in glands involve cytoplasmic droplets, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum. There is a progressive decrease number droplets low opacity. Numerous, greatly elongated mitochondria containing parallel arrays tubules are noted. These extend from within through gaps mitochondrial-limiting membranes into cytoplasm....