The present study explored gender differences in emerging language skills 13,783 European children from 10 non‐English communities. It was based on a synthesis of published data assessed with adapted versions the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) age 0.08 to 2.06. results showed that girls are slightly ahead boys early communicative gestures, productive vocabulary, and combining words. difference increased age. Boys were not found be more variable than girls....

Although socialization values have been consistently linked to sociocultural context, little is known about the question of what extent societal change reflected in values. The present study’s aim was address this research gap by comparing short-term and long-term mothers adolescents from two different cultural groups (142 ethnic Estonian 65 Russian-speaking mothers) living a country transition—Estonia—to those 150 Swedish residing relatively stable Sweden. Child-Rearing Value Questionnaire...

This study compares the child-rearing values of mothers and fathers 4 to 6-year-old children in Estonia Finland. All samples assign most value characteristics related benevolence, self-direction, being trustworthy. Valuing smartness politeness is specific Estonian culture, valuing hedonism Finnish culture. Compared with parents, parents tend stress hedonism, bad habits rather than conformity achievement; their are more homogeneous; held by a mother father from same family reveal...

ABSTRACT Parents of 592 children between the age 0 ; 8 and 1 4 completed Estonian adaptation MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (ECDI Infant Form). The relationships comprehension production different categories words gestures were examined. According to results regression modelling object gestural routines was positively correlated with use all word categories. Comprehension common nouns predicates, whereas predicates negatively social terms. older more they produced from...

Introduction The study examined the relationship between screen time and types of activities engaged in by children, mothers, fathers on weekends, its association with mother-reported vocabulary grammatical skills children aged 2;5 to 4;0. Methods Mothers reported language 421 (M age = 38.18 months; SD 5.73) Estonian CDI-III, use Screen Time Inventory. We applied Latent Class Analysis (LCA) analyze fathers, aiming identify common family profiles. Results results showed that higher total was...

In the present study, child‐rearing goals of mothers 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children from Estonia, Finland, and Sweden were compared. The developed Child‐Rearing Goals Questionnaire consisted three different tasks: open‐ended questions, item rating, ranking. All similar in valuing highly self‐maximization, but differed emphasis on traditional (e.g., conformity, obedience, politeness, being hard‐working, etc.). Swedish tended stress characteristics connected with self‐maximization as well...

1. Introduction Developing language, independent thinking and cooperative learning are essential tasks for young children, this is the focus of preschool activities children aged 3-7 in many countries (Fisher 2001, Goh, Yamauchi, & Ratliffe 2012, Koolieelse lasteasutuse riiklik Oppekava 2008, Taggart, Ridley, Rudd, Benefield 2005). In context basic education, verbal reasoning capacity could be defined as an cognitive domain success one's life academic education because precondition to...

This study addresses relationships between perceived maternal, paternal, and teacher acceptance behavioral control, adolescents’ psychological adjustment, school conduct, academic achievement in Estonia. A total of 224 sixth graders respond to 3 self-report measures. Adolescents’ conduct grade point average (GPA) are reported by teachers. Study findings show that girls’ adjustment was predicted their perceptions both maternal paternal acceptance, whereas boys’ only acceptance. Perceived...

The study compares mothers' conversation with their 4‐year‐old children about two past events in autonomy‐oriented (35 German and 42 Swedish families), one relatedness‐oriented (22 Cameroonian Nso families) autonomy‐relatedness oriented (38 Estonian contexts. mothers were rather similar to talking a lot, providing lot of information engaging into conversation, but they differed from by more social content. independent conversational partners than other children, including children....

The vocabulary size of 16- to 30-month-old children ( N = 1235) was assessed using the Estonian adaptation MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences (ECDI-II). relationship between children’s expressive different factors child his/her social environment examined. Results confirm findings studies from other languages showing that girls have larger vocabularies than boys, first-born are at an advantage compared later-born children. Children highly educated...

The present study's aim is to pinpoint the characteristics of verbal socialization in family interaction five different sociocultural contexts. Families with early adolescent children (M = 11.5 years) were compared regard regulatory comments issued during mealtimes. Three monocultural groups consisted 20 Estonian, Swedish, and Finnish families living their countries origin; two bicultural bilingual Estonian residing Sweden. Regulatory defined as utterances aimed at influencing conversational...

The aim of this study was to compare some verbal characteristics family interaction in the stereotypically tongue-tied Nordic region Western world. To end we compared mothers' and early adolescents' talkativeness monologuing conversational dominance emerging real-life video recordings Estonian, Finnish, Swedish mono- bilingual families. All these nations have been characterized by previous research as “silent” less talkative than other nations. present found that mothers living Sweden were...

Research Findings: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between parental socialization values (including inconsistency in values), parenting practices, and involvement their children's education. Altogether 242 Estonian mothers fathers first-grade children participated the study. We found that were overall more involved education than fathers. Whereas emphasis on social at home related paternal (marginally) maternal home-based academic involvement, self-direction among...

Parental reports are a widely-used source of information about infants’ and toddlers’ communicative skills, but parent-report instruments valid for children older than 30 months less known. This study explored individual variability in children’s skills at the age 3;0 via parental using Estonian (E) CDI-III. The validity ECDI-III was established through correlations with another instrument (ECDI-II) standardized examiner-administered language assessment (New Reynell Developmental Language...