A5084082715- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Studies
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Plant and animal studies
University of Oslo
2014-2024
Institut thématique Génétique, génomique et bioinformatique
2023
John Wiley & Sons (United States)
2023
Hudson Institute
2023
John Wiley & Sons (United Kingdom)
2023
University of Oxford
2023
University of Gothenburg
2011-2014
The Arctic is an excellent model system for the study of polyploidy. It one Earth's most polyploid-rich areas, in particular high-level and recently evolved polyploids. Here we re-address previous hypotheses on arctic polyploidy based a new analysis circumarctic flora, review recent molecular, cytological reproductive studies. frequency level strongly increase northwards within Arctic. We found no clear-cut association between degree glaciation flora as whole, which contains many widespread...
In order to understand the role of herbivores in trophic webs, it is essential know what they feed on. Diet analysis is, however, a challenge many small with secretive life style. this paper, we compare novel (high-throughput pyrosequencing) DNA barcoding technology for plant mixture traditional microhistological method. We analysed stomach contents two ecologically important subarctic vole species, Microtus oeconomus and Myodes rufocanus, methods. was conducted using P6-loop chloroplast trn...
Abstract Ecosystems across the globe are threatened by climate change and human activities. New rapid survey approaches for monitoring biodiversity would greatly advance assessment understanding of these threats. Taking advantage next‐generation DNA sequencing, we tested an approach call metabarcoding: high‐throughput simultaneous taxa identification based on a very short (usually <100 base pairs) but informative fragment. Short fragments allow use degraded from environmental samples. All...
Maize is the most produced crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, but yields are low and climate change projected to further constrain smallholder production. The current efforts breed disseminate new high yielding ready maize varieties implemented through formal seed system; chain of public private sector activities institutions that produce release certified seeds. These taking place contexts currently dominated by informal systems; local management exchange channels with a long history adapting...
Palaeoenvironments and former climates are typically inferred from pollen macrofossil records. This approach is time-consuming suffers low taxonomic resolution biased taxon sampling. Here, we test an alternative DNA-based utilizing the P6 loop in chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron; a short (13-158 bp) variable region with highly conserved flanking sequences. For reference, whole intron sequence database was constructed recently collected material of 842 species, representing all widespread and/or...
Allopolyploidization accounts for a significant fraction of speciation events in many eukaryotic lineages. However, existing phylogenetic and dating methods require tree-like topologies are unable to handle the network-like relationships lineages containing allopolyploids. No explicit framework has so far been established evaluating competing network topologies, few attempts have made date networks. We used four-step approach generate dated polyploid species cosmopolitan angiosperm genus...
The phylogenies of allopolyploids take the shape networks and cannot be adequately represented as bifurcating trees. Especially for high polyploids (i.e., organisms with more than six sets nuclear chromosomes), signatures gene homoeolog loss, deep coalescence, polyploidy may become confounded, result that trees congruent one species network. Herein, we obtained most parsimonious network by objective comparison competing scenarios involving polyploidization loss in a high-polyploid lineage...
Significance Hybrid seed lethality has been recognized and addressed by a long-standing tradition of plant-breeding research. Nevertheless, its role in evolution speciation underestimated. In this study, hybrid between Arabidopsis lyrata arenosa , two model species growing interest the scientific community, was investigated. This study shows that endosperm defects are sufficient to explain direction gene flow wild species, suggesting an important hybridization barrier plant speciation....
Abstract Many herbal products have a long history of use, but there are increasing concerns over product efficacy, safety and quality in the wake recent cases exposing discrepancies between labeling constituents. When it comes to St. John’s wort ( Hypericum perforatum L.) products, is limited oversight, frequent off-label use insufficient monitoring adverse drug reactions. In this study, we amplicon metabarcoding (AMB) authenticate 78 H . evaluate its ability detect substitution compared...
Abstract Background Dryas octopetala is a widespread dwarf shrub in alpine and arctic regions that forms ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiotic relationships with fungi. In this study we investigated the fungal communities associated roots of D. sites Norway High Arctic on Svalbard, where aimed to reveal whether diversity species composition varied across Alpine regions. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region nuclear ribosomal DNA was used identify from bulk root samples obtained 24 plants....
Abstract Background The genomes of higher plants are, on the majority, polyploid, and hybridisation is more frequent in than animals. Both polyploidisation contribute to increased variability within species, may transfer adaptations between species a changing environment. Studying these aspects evolution diversified complex could help clarify overall spatial temporal patterns plant speciation. Arabidopsis lyrata complex, which closely related model thaliana , perennial, outcrossing,...
Traditionally, the Arctic has been viewed as an 'evolutionary freezer' with low evolutionary rates caused by extreme environmental constraints and depauperated repeated glaciations. This view modified in recent years. Here we summarise studies demonstrating a very high diversity relative to age of arctic ecosystem (2–3 million years). species' is underestimated sense that most plants are polyploids, combining genomes several ancestral species they may contain considerable hidden cryptic...
Studying herbal products derived from local and traditional knowledge their value chains is one of the main challenges in ethnopharmacology. The majority these have a long history use, but non-harmonized trade differences regulatory policies between countries impact lead to concerns over product efficacy, safety quality. Veronica officinalis L. (common speedwell), member Plantaginaceae family, has use European medicine, mainly central eastern Europe Balkans. However, no specified control...
Polyploidy, the duplication of entire genomes, plays a major role in plant evolution. In allopolyploids, genome is associated with hybridization between two or more divergent genomes. Successive and polyploidization events can build up species complexes allopolyploids complicated network-like histories, evolutionary history many groups cannot be adequately represented by phylogenetic trees because such reticulate events. The complex mergings within high-polyploid genus Cerastium...
Effects of polyploidisation on gene flow between natural populations are little known. Central European diploid and tetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa A. lyrata here used to study interspecific interploidal flow, using a combination nuclear plastid markers. Ploidal levels were confirmed by cytometry. Network analyses clearly separated diploids according species. Tetraploids highly intermingled within species, some tetraploids with the other as well. Isolation migration suggested introgression...
Rural livelihoods relying on agriculture are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Climate models project increasingly negative effects maize and sorghum production in sub-Saharan Africa. We present a case study of the role genetic resources seed systems adapting climatic stress from semi-arid agroecological zone Tanzania. Crop adaptation, switching more drought-tolerant crop species or varieties, is an important adaptation strategy within diverse portfolio livelihood responses stress....
Significance This paper shows that cultural factors play a key role in shaping the genetic structure sorghum. We present molecular evidence of close associations between sorghum population and distribution ethnolinguistic groups Africa. show traditional seed-management practices, which have played an important for survival expansion agropastoral past, still are remarkably resilient to threats human security. argue efforts strengthen African seed systems more likely be successful when...
Plant-pollinator interactions are ubiquitous in nature where both wild and domesticated pollinators interact with plant communities entomophilous crops. Honeybees important many crop systems, but recent declines honeybee stocks Europe the US have caused concern about sustainability of systems solely depending on honeybees. In addition, several studies shown that honeybees might negatively affect native pollinator populations, bumblebees particular. Here we studied flower visitation to two...
Extreme environments offer powerful opportunities to study how different organisms have adapted similar selection pressures at the molecular level. Arctic plants some of coldest and driest biomes on Earth typically possess suites morphological physiological adaptations extremes in light temperature. Here, we compare patterns evolution three Brassicaceae species that independently colonized present first genetic evidence for plant environment. By testing positive identifying convergent...
The main gradient in vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen species composition alpine areas, structured by the topographic from wind-exposed ridges to snowbeds, has been extensively studied. Tolerance environmental stress, resulting wind abrasion desiccation towards windswept or reduced growing season due prolonged snow cover is an important ecological mechanism this gradient. extent which belowground fungal communities are same eventual mechanisms involved less well known. In study, we...