Metal oxides with high dielectric constants have the potential to extend scaling of transistor gate capacitance beyond that ultrathin silicon dioxide. However, during deposition most metal on silicon, an interfacial region SiOx can form limits specific structure. We examined composition this layer using high-resolution depth profiling medium ion energy scattering combined infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. find is not pure SiO2, but a complex depth-dependent ternary...

The growth of ultrathin oxide films by the thermal oxidation Si(100) at 1020--1170 K and in ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$--${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ Torr ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ pressure has been studied high-resolution medium-energy ion-scattering spectroscopy (MEIS). To develop a fundamental understanding very thin film growth, we utilize sequential isotopic exposures ${(}^{18}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ followed $^{16}\mathrm{O}_{2}$). MEIS readily distinguishes $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ from...

The design and production of active, durable, nonprecious electrocatalysts toward alkaline hydrogen oxidation evolution reactions (HOR/HER) are extremely appealing for the implementation economy, but remain challenging. Here, we report a facile electric shock synthesis an efficient, stable, inexpensive NiCoCuMoW multi-element alloy on Ni foam (NiCoCuMoW) as bifunctional electrocatalyst both HOR HER. For HOR, current density could reach ∼11.2 mA cm

This paper reviews recent progress in understanding microstructural and growth-mechanistic aspects of ultrathin (<4 nm) oxynitride films for gate dielectric applications. Different techniques characterizing these are summarized. We discuss several nitridation methods, including thermal (oxy)nitridation NO, N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O, as well a variety deposition methods. show that basic the gas-phase thin-film...

For a crystal to exhibit nonlinear optical (NLO) activity such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), it must belong noncentrosymmetric (NCS) space group. Moreover, for these materials be suitable practical uses, the synthesized crystals should phase-matchable (PM). Previous synthetic research into SHG-active has centered on (i) how create NCS compounds and/or (ii) obtain with high SHG efficiencies. With tactics, one can synthesize material efficiency, but could unusable if was...

A novel and highly-efficient N-heterocycle assembly methodology catalyzed by a cobalt- N , -bidentate complex via acceptorless dehydrogenation coupling of alcohols amines has been established.

The utilization of a single-atom catalyst to break C-C bonds merges the merits homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis presents an intriguing pathway for obtaining high-value-added products. Herein, mild, selective, sustainable oxidative cleavage alkene form oxime ether or nitrile was achieved by using atomically dispersed cobalt hydroxylamine. Diversified substrate patterns, including symmetrical unsymmetrical alkenes, di- tri-substituted late-stage functionalization complex alkenes were...

Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR–XPS) is utilized in this work to accurately and nondestructively determine the nitrogen concentration profile ultrathin SiOxNy films. With furnace growth at 800–850 °C using nitric oxide (NO) oxygen, 1013–1015 cm−2 of incorporated (⩽4 nm) Additional can be by low energy ion (15N2) implantation. The chemical bonding states are analyzed as a function depth understand distribution incorporation during thermal process. AR–XPS shown yield...

High resolution medium energy ion scattering was used to characterize the nitrogen distribution in ultrathin silicon oxynitrides with sub-nm-accuracy. We show that does not incorporate into subsurface region of substrate after oxidation Si(100) NO. Core-level photoemission experiments two bonding configurations near interface. Oxynitridation N2O results a lower concentration and broader than NO case.

We have studied the structure of Ag(111) surface as a function temperature using medium energy ion scattering. find that first interlayer spacing is contracted at temperatures below 670 K, but increases higher in nonlinear fashion and expanded same 10% 80 K melting point. As vibration amplitudes increase significantly time, we attribute this sign reversal to enhanced anharmonic effects surface.

The syntheses of two noncentrosymmetric (NCS) vanadium oxide–fluoride compounds that originate from the same synthetic reagent concentrations are presented. Hydrothermal and low-temperature allow isolation metastable products may form new phases (or decompose) upon heating creation chemically similar but structurally different materials. NCS materials synthesis has been a long-standing goal in inorganic chemistry: this article, we compare materials, NaVOF4(H2O) (I) NaVO2–xF2+x (II; x = 1/3)....

This study investigates the job competencies and training needs of net-zero sustainability management personnel in Taiwan, response to increasing climate change ESG-related challenges. Using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, research surveyed 26 experts 395 corporate professionals based on official competency standards issued by Taiwan’s Workforce Development Agency (WDA) Industrial Administration (IDA). The results indicate that is most urgently needed seven knowledge (e.g.,...

The thermal oxynitridation of Si(100) in nitric oxide (NO) has been studied by high resolution medium energy ion scattering for ultrathin films. nitrogen depth distribution and the composition films have accurately determined. It is observed that NO-grown distributed relatively evenly film, unlike sharply peaked case SiO2 were subsequently annealed NO. width distribution, as well oxynitride thickness, increase with temperature. further found total amount film ratio to oxygen increases...

An ideal one-dimensional (1D) magnet is expected to show exotic quantum phenomena. For compounds with larger S (S = 3/2, 2, 5/2, ...), however, a small interchain interaction J' tends drive conventional long-range ordered (LRO) state. Here, new layered structure of FeF3(4,4'-bpy) (4,4'-bpy 4,4'-bipyridyl) novel 5/2 (Fe(3+)) chains has been hydrothermally synthesized by using 4,4'-bpy separate chains. The temperature-dependent susceptibility exhibits broad maximum at high as 164 K, suggesting...

The exploration of new rare-earth (RE)-based triangular-lattice materials plays a significant role in motivating the discovery exotic magnetic states. Herein, we report family hexagonal perovskite compounds Ba6RE2Ti4O17 (RE = Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy–Yb) with space group P63/mmc, where RE3+ ions are distributed on parallel layers within ab-plane and stacked an 'AA'-type fashion along c-axis. low-temperature characterizations indicate that all synthesized exhibit dominant antiferromagnetic (AFM)...

We have studied the surface structure and vibrations of Cu(111) at temperatures between 300 1180 K using medium-energy ion scattering. At K, first second interlayer spacing contractions -1.0% -0.2%, respectively, relative to bulk are found. Above 1040 expands significantly more rapidly than spacing, so that a +4.3% expansion is This smaller one previously determined for Ag(111), in agreement with predictions. Monte Carlo simulation spectra show also vibration amplitudes atoms enhanced by...

We have identified six new 4d4 and 4d5 compounds with isolated RuCl6 octahedra, formulas (HMA)4RuCl6·Cl (1; MA = methylamine), (HGly)4RuCl6·Cl (2; gly glycine), (HGly)3RuCl6·2H2O (3), (NH4)2RuCl6 (4), (HPy)2RuCl6 (5; py pyridine), H2(4,4′-bpy)RuCl6 (6; 4,4′-bpy 4,4′-bipyridine). find that the temperature-dependent magnetization is well described by single-ion physics in presence of spin–orbit coupling negligible superexchange interactions. Further, we many literature are also physics, our...