A5041279635- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Infection Control in Healthcare
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Malaria Research and Control
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
2020-2024
Management and Development for Health
2024
Karolinska Institutet
2020-2022
Abstract Background Despite the scale-up of ART and rollout in Tanzania dolutegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), treatment success has not been fully realized. HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), including dolutegravir resistance, could be implicated notable suboptimal viral load (VL) suppression among patients. Objectives To determine prevalence patterns acquired mutations (DRMs) children adults Tanzania. Methods A national cross-sectional HIVDR survey was conducted 866 1173...
Dengue is a disease of public health interest, and Tanzania experienced major outbreaks in 2014 2019. Here, we report our findings on the molecular characterization dengue viruses (DENV) that circulated during two smaller (2017 2018) one epidemic (2019) Tanzania.We tested archived serum samples from 1,381 suspected fever patients, with median age 29 (IQR:22-40) years, referred to National Public Health Laboratory for confirmation DENV infection. serotypes were identified by reverse...
Background The emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) is significant threat to achieving viral suppression (VS) in the quest achieve global elimination targets. We hereby report virologic outcomes and patterns acquired DRMs its associated factors among adolescents young adults (AYA) from a broader surveillance conducted Tanzania. Methods Data AYA was extracted cross-sectional study 36 selected facilities using two-stage cluster sampling design. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples were...
Abstract Background Hospital sewage is a significant reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and genes that pose huge public health threat. In this study, we determined the occurrence multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae in flowing from referral hospital through urban system to point discharge Indian Ocean. Results A total 400 samples were collected, yielding 517 isolates. Of these, 32.3% (167/517) sewage, while 67.7% (350/517) community. E. was most common...
Abstract Background Patients with prostate enlargement have an increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infections. This study determined the resistance profile bacteria causing infection (UTI) and magnitude multidrug-resistant (MDR) among patients symptomatic in a tertiary hospital Dar es Salaam. Methods cross-sectional was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital between August 2021 January 2022. Male aged 40–90 years enlarged prostate, confirmed by digital rectal examination, were...
Abstract Background Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is an environmental gram-negative bacterium that rarely infects humans. P. infections have never been reported in Tanzania. We investigated the occurrence of bloodstream among neonates Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and their subsequent clinical outcome occurred 2019. Methodology Blood samples were collected from with sepsis. A total 19 isolated 17 infected neonates; two had twice. 14 patient files retrieved medical records. Results The...
Background: A cohort of female sex workers (FSWs) was established to determine HIV prevalence and incidence, associated factors in preparation for a phase IIb vaccine pre-exposure prophylaxis trial (PrEPVacc). Setting: FSWs Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: aged 18–45 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling method. Social demographic data, risk behavioral assessments, blood samples testing HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) infections collected at baseline then 3, 6, 9,...
COVID-19 vaccine became available in Tanzania during the first wave of Omicron variant. During that time community seroprevalence SARS-CoV-2 was already at 50%-80%. To date, it remains largely unknown whether ongoing vaccination with primary series vaccines has any meaningful immune-boosting effects against newer subvariants. Therefore, we tested cross-neutralizing capacity antibodies elicited by infection, vaccination, or both subvariants BA.1, and BQ.1.1 XBB.1.5. were unexperienced this...
Antibody responses that correlated with reduced risk of HIV acquisition in the RV144 efficacy trial were assessed healthy African volunteers who had been primed three times HIV-DNA (subtype A, B, C) and then randomized into two groups; group 1 was boosted twice HIV-MVA (CRF01_AE) 2 same coadministered subtype C envelope (Env) protein (CN54rgp140/GLA-AF). The fine specificity plasma Env-specific antibody mapped after final vaccination using linear peptide microarray technology. Binding IgG...
Objective This study assessed impaired fasting glucose and associated factors among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents youths in Dar es salaam Tanzania. Background Impaired is a marker of heightened risk for developing type 2 diabetes individuals. Therefore, identifying individuals at this stage crucial to enable early intervention. we (IFG) population Methods A cross-sectional was conducted 152 youth attending HIV clinic Muhimbili National Hospital Infectious Disease Centre from July...
We evaluated antibody responses to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2) in 29 vaccinees who had received three HIV-1 DNA immunizations two HIV-modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boosts phase I/II HIVIS03 vaccine trial. Twenty a third HIV-MVA boost after years HIVIS06 IgG subclasses gp70V1V2 proteins of A244, CN54, Consensus C, Case A2 were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cyclic V2 peptides MN used surface plasmon resonance...
The detection of vaccine-induced HIV antibody responses by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may confound the interpretation testing results. We assessed impact seroreactivity (VISR) on diagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Samples collected from healthy participants HIVIS and TaMoVac vaccine trials after final vaccination were analyzed for VISR using algorithms used Mozambique Tanzania that employ two sequential RDTs. samples also tested Enzygnost Integral 4 ELISA western blot assays. Antibody...
Background Polymicrobial bloodstream infections (BSI) are difficult to treat since empiric antibiotics treatment frequently less effective against multiple pathogens. The study aimed compare outcomes in patients with polymicrobial and monomicrobial BSIs. Methods was a retrospective case-control design conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital for data processed between July 2021 June 2022. Cases were BSI, controls had BSI. Each case matched three by age, admitting ward, duration of admission....
<title>Abstract</title> Background Strict adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) is the mainstay for preventing controlling healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs), often caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. We used World Health Organization IPC Assessment Framework (WHO IPCAF) assess level of implementation measures in 3 regional referral hospitals, 5 district 1 health center Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Results The overall mean IPCAF score assessed facilities was 417 out 800...
The global resurgence of coronaviruses and the move to incorporate COVID-19 vaccines into expanded program for immunization have warranted a high-throughput low-cost assay measure quantify mounted neutralizing antibodies as an indicator protection against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, we evaluated surrogate-virus-neutralization-assay (sVNT) alternative pseudo-virus neutralization (pVNT). sVNT was used among 119 infected and/or vaccinated blood samples, wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (WT) Omicron-variant with...
PrEP literacy is influenced by many factors including the types of information available and how it interpreted. The level may influence acceptability uptake.We conducted 25 in-depth interviews in a HIV vaccine trial preparedness cohort study. We explored what participants knew about PrEP, sources knowledge much they know PrEP. used framework approach to generate themes for analysis guided Social Ecological Model examined levels using individual interpersonal constructs SEM.We found that...
Aims: Mumps infection and its complication remain under recognized public health problem in Tanzania, as there are no national screening program sero-epidemiological surveys. This makes it difficult to devise control interventions including administration of vaccinations. We therefore determined the Sero-prevalence among Unvaccinated Children Attending Regional Referral Hospitals Dar es salaam, Tanzania.
 Study Design: A hospital based cross-sectional study.
 Place Duration Study:...
Immunogens and vaccination regimens can influence patterns of immune-epitope recognition, steering them towards or away from epitopes potential viral vulnerability. HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific antibodies targeting variable region 2 (V2) 3 (V3) correlated with protection during the RV144 trial, however, it was suggested that immunodominant V3 might divert antibody responses other relevant sites. We mapped IgG against linear Env in five clinical HIV vaccine trials, revealing a specific...