A5052477000- Rare-earth and actinide compounds
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Iron-based superconductors research
- Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
- Crystal Structures and Properties
- Magnetic Properties of Alloys
- Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Semiconductor materials and interfaces
- Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
- Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides
University of Edinburgh
2013-2023
European Thermodynamics (United Kingdom)
2019
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution
2014-2019
CEA Le Ripault
2013-2018
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
2007-2018
Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology
2013-2016
Edinburgh Cancer Research
2016
Edinburgh Genomics
2015
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
2000-2013
Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology
2011
Abstract In mammalian systems RNA can move between cells via vesicles. Here we demonstrate that the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus , which infects mice, secretes vesicles containing microRNAs (miRNAs) and Y RNAs as well a Argonaute protein. These are of intestinal origin enriched for homologues exosome proteins. Administration exosomes to mice suppresses Type 2 innate responses eosinophilia induced by allergen Alternaria. Microarray analysis mouse incubated with in vitro...
Abstract Helminth parasites defy immune exclusion through sophisticated evasion mechanisms, including activation of host immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. The mouse parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus can expand the Treg population by secreting products that activate TGF-β signalling, but identity active molecule is unknown. Here we identify an H. mimic ( Hp- TGM) replicates biological and functional properties TGF-β, binding to mammalian receptors inducing human Foxp3 + TGM has no...
A new synchrotron X‐ray diffraction study of MgSiO 3 perovskite at high‐pressure and high‐temperature has been carried out in a laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell to 94 GPa temperatures above 2500 K. is shown be stable this P–T range adopts an orthorhombic structure (space group Pbnm ), thus ruling any phase transition or decomposition assemblage denser oxides. Structural refinements show increase the distortion with increasing pressure, counterbalanced by decrease high temperature, as...
The structural high-pressure properties of $\mathrm{Th}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{U}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ have been studied in diamond-anvil cells up to maximum pressures 80 69 GPa, respectively. These results show that both thorium uranium dioxides exhibit an identical sequence transitions under pressure; transform rather sluggishly the cotunnite-type (orthorhombic $Pnma$) structure. This study which was performed better hydrostatic conditions than previous experiments has enabled us...
Infection by helminth parasites is associated with amelioration of allergic reactivity, but mechanistic insights into this association are lacking. Products secreted the mouse parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus suppress type 2 (allergic) immune responses through interference in interleukin-33 (IL-33) pathway. Here, we identified H. Alarmin Release Inhibitor (HpARI), an IL-33-suppressive 26-kDa protein, containing three predicted complement control protein (CCP) modules. In vivo, recombinant...
Significance Cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ) is associated with stress responses well aging. The nature ROS marks these molecules a serious threat to cell integrity. Consequently, eukaryotic cells deploy numerous antioxidant enzymes that detoxify protect them from ROS-induced damage proteins. Although the importance understood, how proteins avoid becoming damaged in hostile, ROS-rich environments which they function remains unknown....
The structure of nanocrystallized zirconia has been investigated in the 1--40-GPa pressure range at ambient temperature. A continuous transformation towards ideal fluorite cubic is observed from 8 GPa. complete seems to be achieved 30 compressibility tetragonal and forms are derived discussed.
Curium lies at the center of actinide series and has a half-filled shell with seven 5 f electrons spatially residing inside its radon core. As function pressure, curium exhibits five different crystallographic phases up to 100 gigapascals, which all but one are also found in preceding element, americium. We describe here structure curium, Cm III, monoclinic symmetry, space group C2/c , intermediate pressures (between 37 56 gigapascals). Ab initio electronic calculations agree observed...
Ribosome assembly in eukaryotes involves the activity of hundreds factors that direct hierarchical ribosomal proteins and numerous RNA folding steps. However, detailed insights into function events are lacking. To address this, we have developed ChemModSeq, a method combines structure probing, high-throughput sequencing statistical modeling, to quantitatively measure structural rearrangements during macromolecular complexes. By applying ChemModSeq purified 40S intermediates obtained...
An original 3D stochastic model, based on the truncated plurigaussian random fields, has been adapted to simulate complex microstructure of SOC electrodes. The representativeness virtual microstructures checked several synchrotron X-ray and FIB-SEM tomographic reconstructions obtained typical LSCF, LSC Ni-YSZ validation step carried out by comparing numbers electrode morphological properties as well phase effective diffusivities. This analysis shown that synthetic media mimic accurately...
Mitochondrial dysfunction is putatively central to glioblastoma (GBM) pathophysiology but there has been no systematic analysis in GBM of the proteins which are integral mitochondrial function. Alterations enriched fractions from patients with were defined label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 256 mitochondrially-associated identified and 117 these markedly (fold-change ≥2) significantly altered (p ≤ 0.05). Proteins associated oxidative damage (including catalase, superoxide...
Abstract Protein-protein-interaction networks (PPINs) organize fundamental biological processes, but how oncogenic mutations impact these interactions and their functions at a network-level scale is poorly understood. Here, we analyze common KRAS mutation (KRAS G13D ) affects PPIN structure function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) network in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Mapping >6000 PPIs shows that this extensively rewired cells expressing transforming levels (mtKRAS)....
Americium occupies a pivotal position in the actinide series with regard to behavior of 5f electrons. High-pressure techniques together synchrotron radiation have been used determine structural up 100 GPa. We resolved earlier controversial findings regarding americium and find that our experimental results are discord recent theoretical predictions. two new findings: (1) there exists critical, link between under pressure its near neighbor, plutonium; (2) electron delocalization occurs rather...
Structural studies and a full-profile refinement of the high-pressure phases hematite $({\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ were carried out to 76 GPa using x-ray synchrotron powder diffraction. It was found that pressure induces progressive distortion corundum-like structure (HP1), culminating in structural phase transition (HP2) at \ensuremath{\sim}50 GPa. At first sight diffraction data obtained for HP2 could be equally explained terms either an orthorhombic perovskite or...
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved macromolecular complex that interacts with cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) and regulates their activity by hydrolyzing cullin-Nedd8 conjugates. CSN sequesters inactive CRL4(Ddb2), which rapidly dissociates from the upon DNA damage. Here we systematically define protein interaction network of mammalian through mass spectrometric interrogation subunits Csn1, Csn3, Csn4, Csn5, Csn6 Csn7a. Notably, identified a subset CRL complexes stably...
Protein synthesis and degradation determine the cellular levels of proteins, their control hence enables organisms to respond environmental change. Experimentally, these are little known proteome parameters; however, recently, SILAC-based mass spectrometry studies have begun quantify turnover in proteomes cell lines, yeast, animals. Here, we present a proteome-scale method calculate rate constants individual proteins autotrophic such as algae plants. The workflow is based on automated...
Functional links connecting gene transcription and condensin-mediated chromosome condensation have been established in species ranging from prokaryotes to vertebrates. However, the exact nature of these remains misunderstood. Here we show fission yeast that 3' end RNA processing factor Swd2.2, a component Cleavage Polyadenylation Factor (CPF), is negative regulator condensation. Lack Swd2.2 does not affect assembly CPF but reduces its association with chromatin. This causes only limited,...
Significance S-nitrosylation, the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety to reactive protein cysteine (Cys) thiol form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO), is emerging as pivotal redox-based, posttranslational modification (PTM) during plant immune function. However, Cys target sites NO bioactivity and associated consequences on cellular signaling are not well defined. Our findings suggest that S-nitrosylation small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating enzyme 1 (SCE1) at Cys139 controls...