Abstract Background Post-exertional malaise (PEM), the hallmark symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), represents a constellation abnormal responses to physical, cognitive, and/or emotional exertion including profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and intolerance, among numerous other maladies. Two sequential cardiopulmonary exercise tests (2-d CPET) provide objective evidence in ME/CFS but validated only studies with small sample sizes. Further,...

Oxidative stress resulting from decreased antioxidant protection and increased reactive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS) production may contribute to muscle mass loss dysfunction during aging. Curcumin is a phenolic compound shown upregulate defenses directly quench RONS in vivo. This study determined the impact of prolonged dietary curcumin exposure on function aged rats. Thirty-two-month-old male F344xBN rats were provided diet with or without 0.2% for 4 months. The groups included:

Objectives: Stiffer central arteries, as seen in hypertension (HTN), foster transmission of pulsatile hemodynamics into fragile cerebral vessels. Aerobic exercise is recommended for adults with HTN, but its effects on arterial stiffness and pulsatility this group are unclear. This study sought to investigate the effect acute aerobic cerebrovascular 30 treated HTN age, sex, BMI-matched without (56 ± 6 years, BMI 28.2 2.9 kg/m2; 28 women). Methods: Patients underwent hemodynamic measures...

Down syndrome (Ds) is the most common chromosomal cause of intellectual disability that results from triplication chromosome 21 genes. Individuals with Ds demonstrate cognitive deficits in addition to comorbidities including cardiac defects, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), low blood pressure (BP), and differences autonomic regulation. Many individuals are born heart malformations some can be surgically corrected. Lower BP at rest response exercise other stressors a prevalent feature...

Isoflurane (ISO) is a commonly used anesthetic that offers rapid recovery for laboratory animal research. Initial studies indicated no difference in arterial Pco2 ( PaCO2 ) or pH between conscious (NO ISO) and 1% ISO-exposed CD-1 mice. Our investigated whether blood sampling with ISO suitable alternative to NO monitoring ventilation studied mouse strain. We hypothesized similar chemistry, breathing patterns, cardiovascular responses ISO. C57BL/6J mice underwent unrestrained barometric...

Saline (0.9% NaCl) is used in clinical and research settings as a vehicle for intravenous drug administration. While saline standard control mouse studies, there are reports of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis high doses. It remains unknown if occurs mice and/or compensatory increases breathing frequency tidal volume accompany was hypothesized that administration alters blood pH the pattern conscious CD-1 male exposed to air or hypoxia (10% O2 , balanced N2 ). Unrestrained barometric...

Individuals with Down syndrome (Ds) are at increased risk of respiratory infection, aspiration pneumonia, and apnea. The Ts65Dn mouse is a commonly used model Ds, but there have been no formal investigations awake breathing muscle function in these mice. We hypothesized that would be impaired vs. wild-type (WT), mediated by both neural muscular inputs. Baseline minute ventilation was not different 3, 6, or 12 mo age. However, VT/Ti, marker the drive to breathe, lower WT central apneas were...

Down syndrome (Ds) is the most common chromosomal cause of intellectual disability that results from triplication chromosome 21 genes. Lower blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in response to exercise other stressors are prevalent Ds, mediated by autonomic dysfunction. The Ts65Dn mouse a model Ds commonly used preclinical studies, but has not been formally investigated for cardiovascular responses conscious mice. Based on human studies we hypothesized would have lower BP HR, similar...

Aging skeletal muscle displays an altered iron status that may promote oxidative stress and sarcopenia. A diet containing low (LI) could reduce attenuate age-related atrophy. Supplemental branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) also alleviate sarcopenia by promoting protein synthesis improvement. This study examined individual combined effects of LI BCAA diets on anabolic signaling in aging rats. Twenty-nine-month-old male Fisher 344 × Brown Norway rats consumed the following control-base diets:...

Excessive iron loading may cause skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness because of its free radical generating properties. To determine whether a clinically relevant degree impairs function, young male mice received injections dextran (4 mg iron/200 µl) or 2 mM d-glucose (control) 5 days/week for weeks ( n = 10/group). Systemic induced an approximate fourfold increase in the nonheme concentration. Soleus specific tension (1, 30-250 Hz) was lower among iron-loaded animals compared with controls...

Unrestrained barometric plethysmography is a common method used for characterizing breathing patterns in small animals. One source of variation between unrestrained studies the segment baseline. Baseline may be analyzed as predetermined time-point, or using tailored segments when each animal visually calm. We compared quiet, minimally active (no sniffing/grooming) to time-point at 1 h baseline measurements young and middle-aged mice during dark light cycles. Additionally, we evaluated...

The decline in muscle mass and function with age, termed sarcopenia, leads to an inability perform normal daily activities a subsequent deterioration quality of life. An increase oxidative stress that results from adequately quench reactive oxygen species has been cited as important mechanism sarcopenia. Curcumin, the active ingredient spice turmeric, garnered much attention due its antioxidative properties. Although curcumin's antioxidant properties may also make it beneficial this theory...

Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the development of sarcopenia, which decline muscle mass and function with advancing age. It well documented that curcumin, active ingredient spice turmeric, can upregulate antioxidant status via activation nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Thus, curcumin may serve as possible intervention for sarcopenia. This study utilized single myofibers determine direct effect on expression antioxidants are regulated by Nrf2. Myofibers were...

The development of sarcopenia, which is the aging‐related loss muscle mass, function and quality, can be attributed to a myriad factors. Oxidative stress has received particular attention as key factor in sarcopenia collectively result decreased antioxidant reserve increased production reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, nuclear erythroid‐2‐related 2 (Nrf2), transcription responsible for activating response element (ARE), shown activation with age. Curcumin, active ingredient spice...

The decline in muscle mass and quality with aging, termed sarcopenia, can decrease physical function affect overall of life. Administration capsaicin activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors attenuate disuse-mediated atrophy. However, benefits on aging skeletal are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that long term administration would decreases occur aging. Twenty-three month old male C57BL/6J mice received diets (AIN-93G) ad libitum containing emulsified lecithin (C; 50...

The signal recognition particle receptor (SRPR) interacts with the (SRP), which targets and transports nacent polypeptides destined for secretion or expression on cell membrane. SRP is likely important normal muscle functioning since individuals autoantibody production against can develop myopathy. SRPR contains two subunits; one of beta subunit that integrated within membrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We became interested in after an initial proteomic screening indicated altered protein...

Unrestrained barometric plethysmography (UBP) is a method for quantifying the pattern of breathing in mice, where frequency, tidal volume, and minute ventilation are routinely reported. Moreover, information can be collected regarding neural output breathing, including existence central apneas augmented breaths. An important consideration UBP obtaining segment with minimal impact anxious or active behaviors, to elucidate response challenges. Here, we present protocol that allows short, quiet...

The aging‐related elevation in skeletal muscle non‐heme iron (NHI) is thought to be a contributing factor the development of oxidative stress and sarcopenia. However, status aging slow twitch has not been reported. This study examined association between NHI injury among two muscles that show divergent pattern atrophy; fast tibialis anterior (TA) soleus (Sol). Male F344BN rats were studied at 8, 18, 28, 36 months age. animals anesthetized harvested for analysis measures. TA mass was greater...