Background: The female athlete triad (referred to as the triad) contributes adverse health outcomes, including bone stress injuries (BSIs), in athletes. Guidelines were published 2014 for clinical management of athletes affected by triad. Purpose: This study aimed (1) classify from a collegiate population 16 sports into low-, moderate-, and high-risk categories using Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment score (2) evaluate predictive value risk subsequent BSIs. Study Design: Cohort...

Object Previous small studies disagree about which clinical risk factors influence ependymoma incidence. The authors analyzed a large, population-based cancer registry to examine the relationship of incidence patient age, sex, race, and tumor location, determine trends over past 3 decades. Methods Data were obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER-9) study, was conducted 1973 2003. Histological codes used define ependymomas. Age-adjusted rates compared by confidence...

Adolescent females and males participating in running represent a population at high risk of stress fracture. Few investigators have evaluated factors for prospective fracture this population.To better characterize incidence fractures population, we collected baseline factor data on 748 competitive school runners (442 girls 306 boys) using an online survey. We then followed them prospectively the development mean ± SD 2.3 1.2 total seasons cross-country track field; follow-up were available...

To identify nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns associated with stress fracture risk changes in bone density among young female distance runners.Two-year, prospective cohort study. Observational data were collected the course of a multicenter randomized trial effect oral contraceptives on health.One hundred twenty-five competitive runners ages 18-26 years.Dietary variables assessed food frequency questionnaire.Bone mineral content (BMD/BMC) spine, hip, total body measured annually by dual...

Objective To evaluate lifetime prevalence and risk factors for overuse injuries in high school athletes currently participating long‐distance running provide recommendations injury prevention strategies. Design Retrospective study design. Setting Twenty‐eight schools the San Francisco Bay Area. Participants A total of 442 female 306 male athletes, ages 13‐18 years, who are on cross‐country track field teams. Methods Online survey with questions that detailed previous sustained injury. Main...

Many published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) make claims for subgroup differences.

A statistical method called "magnitude-based inference" (MBI) has gained a following in the sports science literature, despite concerns voiced by statisticians. Its proponents have claimed that MBI exhibits superior type I and II error rates compared with standard null hypothesis testing for most cases. performed reanalysis to evaluate this claim.Using simulation code provided MBI's proponents, estimated clinical nonclinical range of effect sizes, sample smallest important effects. plotted...

Background: Adolescent runners may be at risk for low bone mineral density (BMD) associated with sports participation. Few prior investigations have evaluated health in young runners, particularly males. Purpose: To characterize sex-specific factors BMD adolescent runners. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Training characteristics, fracture history, eating behaviors and attitudes, menstrual history were measured using online questionnaires. A food frequency...

Abstract Background Studies have suggested that supratentorial ependymomas better survival than infratentorial tumors, with spinal tumors having the best prognosis, but these data been based on small samples. Using a population‐based registry of ependymomas, we analyzed how age, gender, location, race and radiotherapy influence in children. Methods We queried Surveillance Epidemiology End Results database (SEER‐17) from 1973 to 2003, strictly defining by histology. Site codes were used...

Improper analysis of correlated observations, such as repeated measurements on the same person, is a common error in medical studies. This article will review examples data, demonstrate errors that arise when correlations are ignored, and discuss how to correctly analyze these data. Correlated data pairs or clusters observations related thus more similar each other than dataset. Observations may be because they come from subject—for example, subjects measured at multiple time points...

Incidence patterns of central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) have been reported, but the influence underlying host risk factors has not rigorously explored. We aimed to determine in a large, population-based cancer registry how age, sex, and race, occurrence CNS GCTs pediatric population.Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results registry, we identified cases histologically confirmed children, adolescents, young adults (age 0 29 y), diagnosed between 1973 2004. The were...

Bone stress injuries (BSI) are common in runners of both sexes. The purpose this study was to determine if a modified Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment tool would predict BSI male distance runners.156 at two collegiate programmes were studied using mixed retrospective and prospective design for total 7 years. Point values assigned risk assessment categories including low energy availability, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) prior BSI. outcome subsequent...

Athletes in weight-bearing sports may benefit from higher bone mineral density (BMD). However, some athletes are at risk for impaired BMD with female athlete triad (Triad). The purpose of this study is to understand the influence participation and Triad on BMD. We hypothesize that high-impact multidirectional loading will have highest BMD, whereas nonimpact low-impact lowest factors expected reduce values independent participation.Two hundred thirty-nine participating 16 collegiate completed...

This study quantified the change in blood pressure (BP) during antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, compared BPs between TKIs, and analyzed BP antihypertensive therapy.TKIs targeting VEGF are associated with hypertension. The absolute anti-VEGF TKI treatment is not well characterized outside clinical trials.A retrospective single-center included patients metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received TKIs 2007 2018. Mixed models 3,088 measured...

Background Only a few recent reports have examined longitudinal adherence patterns in US clinics and its impact on immunological virological outcomes among large cohorts initiating contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics. Methods We followed all persons with HIV (PLWH) California clinic population ART between 2010 2017. estimated for each PLWH by calculating the medication possession ratio within multiple 6-month intervals using pharmacy refill records. Results During study, 2315...