Catastrophizing is reliably associated with increased reports of clinical and experimental pain. To test the hypothesis that catastrophizing may heighten pain experience by increasing nociceptive transmission through spinal gating mechanisms, present study examined as a predictor ratings flexion reflex (NFR) thresholds in 88 young adult men (n=47) women (n=41). The NFR threshold was defined intensity electrocutaneous sural nerve stimulation required to elicit withdrawal response from biceps...

BACKGROUND: The need for blood products is constant and unremitting, yet only a small percentage of eligible individuals answer the appeal to donate. Further, most new donors never return provide repeat donation. ongoing attract retain has led examination psychosocial factors that may predict likelihood donation behavior. By use regression techniques, prior studies have established elements Theory Planned Behavior (e.g., attitude, subjective norm, personal moral perceived control or...

BACKGROUND: This study extends our prior assessment of a blood donation recruitment brochure by assessing persistence observed changes in attitudes toward as well the effects that such have on behavior registering to give blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned read 1) addressing common donor concerns and suggesting specific coping strategies, 2) center brochure, or 3) control healthy eating exercise. Measures attitudes, donation‐related anxiety, confidence...

BACKGROUND: Prior research has shown that education materials directly address prospective donor concerns and provide specific coping suggestions are particularly effective at enhancing donation attitudes intentions to give blood. This study compared the effect of materials, provided in written audiovisual formats, as potential tools enhance recruitment blood donors. The role initial toward on responses these was also considered. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Young adults (62% female; mean [SD]...

BACKGROUND: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the effects of hydration and applied muscle tensing on presyncopal reactions blood donation. Both interventions are designed prevent decreases in pressure that can contribute such reactions, but due distinct physiologic mechanisms underlying their pressor responses it hypothesized a combined intervention would yield greatest benefit. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Before donation, first‐ second‐time donors (mean age, 20.2 years; SD,...

BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated in a group of mostly experienced blood donors that fear draws was significant predictor vasovagal reactions. Importantly, being asked about one's immediately before donation did not increase reaction rates. This study further evaluates the relationship between and reactions among high school donors, who are known to be at relatively greater risk for STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Immediately after completing donor health screening, 17‐ 18‐year‐old students...

Background Efforts to expand the donor pool by recruiting younger donors have resulted in higher numbers of initial donations, but retention young continues be challenging. Study Design and Methods Path analysis was used examine simultaneous relationships among syncopal reactions, donation anxiety, needle pain, satisfaction, intention predicting repeat donation. Participants included 421 first‐ second‐time recruited for a study comparing effects predonation water loading with without use...

Background The T heory of P lanned B ehavior has been widely used in blood donation research, but the lack uniform, psychometrically sound measures makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions or compare results across studies. Accordingly, goal this study was develop such attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention. Study Design Methods Exploratory confirmatory factor analyses ( CFA s) were conducted on survey responses collected from college students (n = 1080)....

BACKGROUND: Although little empiric evidence has been published concerning the efficacy of blood donor recruitment materials, research suggests that simple attempts to enhance knowledge may not be sufficient motivate donation. In contrast, recent motivation studies highlight importance anxiety, attitudes, and perceived ability cope with donation (i.e., self‐efficacy) as crucial determinants intention. Therefore, materials specifically address these constructs have potential outperform...

The present study examined relationships between pain coping, hormone replacement therapy, and laboratory clinical reports in post-menopausal women age-matched men with osteoarthritis. Assessment of nociceptive flexion reflex threshold was followed by an assessment electrocutaneous tolerance. Participants rated their arthritis using the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales. To assess participants completed measures emotion-focused problem-focused catastrophizing. Results indicated that were...

BACKGROUND: Presyncopal reactions are among the most common systemic experienced by blood donors, occur frequently in novice and can serve as a deterrent to future donation regardless of experience. This report describes validation presyncopal scale that be used standardize assessment donor's subjective STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A psychometric analysis Blood Donation Reactions Inventory (BDRI), measure reactions, was conducted using data obtained from two independent samples volunteer...

Background We previously demonstrated that fear of having blood drawn is one the strongest known predictors vasovagal reactions among high school donors. This report examines combined effects donor and experience on repeat donation attempts Study Design Methods Immediately after completing health screening, 1715 students were asked about their drawn. The record was then used to collect information regarding at time as well subsequent within following year. Results Fear a reaction each...

BACKGROUND: Fear is an important contributor to the risk of presyncopal reactions blood donation. However, concern that asking donors about their fears may increase a potential impediment incorporating fear assessment into donor screening. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Before donation, participants responded series questions either did (n = 488) or not 494) include related seeing drawn. Immediately after donation all provided ratings reactions. RESULTS: Among those asked predonation questions,...

Background Evidence indicates that donor identity is an important predictor of donation behavior; however, prior studies have relied on diverse, unidimensional measures with limited psychometric support. The goals this study were to examine the application self‐determination theory blood motivations and develop validate a related multidimensional measure identity. Study Design Methods Items developed administered electronically sample N ew Y ork B lood C enter ( NYBC ) donors (n = 582) then...

The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a polysynaptic withdrawal that occurs in response to painful stimulation. In human studies, NFR responsiveness has been used as direct measure of nociception well an indirect supraspinal modulation transmission. Previous studies have suggested anxiety may influence responding, and therefore it recommended be reduced by familiarizing participants with assessment methodology prior formal assessment. present study was designed assess the on threshold....

This article evaluated the ability of propranolol to enhance results achieved with relaxation-biofeedback training. Thirty-three patients were randomized training alone (administered in a limited-contact treatment format), or accompanied by long-acting (with dosage individualized at 60, 120, 180 mg/day). Concomitant therapy significantly enhanced effectiveness when either daily headache recordings (79% vs. 54% reduction migraine activity) neurologist clinical evaluations (90% 66% reduction)...

BACKGROUND: Written and video approaches to donor education have been shown enhance donation attitudes intentions give blood, particularly when the information provides specific coping suggestions for donation‐related concerns. This study extends this work by comparing Web‐based preparation among donors nondonors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Young adults (62% female; mean [±SD] age, 19.3 [±1.5] years; [range] number of prior blood donations, 1.1 [0‐26]; 60% nondonors) were randomly assigned...

Fear of blood draws is a predictor vasovagal reaction risk among whole donors, and this relationship particularly evident less experienced donors. This study examines the combined effect donor fear total draw time on reactions.After successfully completing health screening, 2730 donors attending high school drives were asked about their having drawn. Donor reports versus no with to predict phlebotomist ratings reactions.Both significant predictors reactions, observed rates 31.2% for fearful...

The finding that recurrent headache sufferers, particularly tension obtain higher scores on psychological symptom measures than controls was replicated in 262 (tension, mixed, and migraine) sufferers 26 controls. However, closer examination of the data revealed symptoms were elevated only patients who experienced head pain at time assessment. This raises possibility previously reported elevations have resulted from uncontrolled differences state respondents. Retrospective reports activity...

This study aimed to characterize the extent of donation-related fears among donors with different levels donation experience.A sample 1054 recent (48.3% female; mean ± SD age 33.1 9.8 years) completed an anonymous, online survey their fear stimuli, including blood, needles, pain, and fainting. Respondents also provided information regarding demographics, vasovagal symptoms associated confidence intention respect a future donation.The was divided into four history subgroups, one, two or...