Abstract Central Chile winter (June, July, August (JJA)) rainfall shows positive anomalies during the developing stage of warm events Southern Oscillation. Conversely, cold correspond quite closely to dry conditions. A synoptic characterization major storms most recent is presented. Dry months cold‐event years are described in terms average 500‐hPa contour anomaly fields. Significant departures from this general behaviour also discussed. It found that associated with related blocking highs...

Carbon system parameters measured during several expeditions along the coast of Chile (23°S-56°S) have been used to show main spatial and temporal trends air-sea CO 2 fluxes in coastal waters eastern South Pacific.Chilean are characterized by strong pCO gradients between atmosphere surface water, with high variability.On average, direction carbon flux changes from outgassing at upwelling region sequestering nonupwelling fjord Chilean Patagonia.Estimations water Patagonian showed that, while...

Satellite and atmospheric model fields are used to describe the wind forcing, surface ocean circulation, temperature chlorophyll-a pigment concentrations along coast of southern Chile in transition region between 38° 46°S. Located inshore bifurcation eastward South Pacific Current into equatorward Humboldt poleward Cape Horn Currents, also includes Chiloé Inner Sea northern extent complex system fjords, islands canals that stretch south from near 42°S. The high resolution satellite data...

Results are reported from the first long, recording current meter observations over slope off Chile. These observations, at 30°S during 1991–92 El Niño event, analyzed together with of currents a local deep sea site; wind and level; level Peru Chile coasts; wind, temperature, equatorial Pacific. Mean poleward flow 12 cm s−1 was observed within Peru–Chile Undercurrent slope. in depth range Antarctic Intermediate Water not distinguishable zero presence strong, low-frequency (LF) variability,...

The DICLIMA field experiment was designed to test and quantify the hypothesis of an afternoon enhancement coastal subsidence in extremely arid northern Chile because solar heating over west slope Andes. Ten‐day campaigns near Antofagasta (23°S) were carried out January 1997, July 1998. Significant diurnal cycles temperature, mixing ratio, wind from about 1000 4000 m above sea level observed. This layer decoupled marine boundary circulation below by inversion when its base under average...

Secular trends in coastal upwelling proxies from a sediment record at 23°S encompassing 250 years reveal two distinct stages separated by transition period between AD 1820 and 1878. Persistent interdecadal variability that roughly follows the Pacific Decadal Oscillation is accompanied intensification of upwelling‐favourable winds decreased sea surface temperature since We propose an increased land‐sea thermal contrast along arid coast northern Chile Peru intensifies equatorward wind stress...

Abstract Tropical perturbations have been shown theoretically and observationally to excite long‐range atmospheric responses in the form of Rossby wave teleconnections that result from equator pole gradient planetary vorticity. An extreme teleconnection event occurred during March 2015 Southeastern Pacific. As a result, high temperatures were observed Southwestern South America Antarctic Peninsula simultaneously with an rainfall flood hyperarid Atacama desert. We show origin these seemingly...

The physical forcing of the upwelling along subtropical west coasts continents encompasses a broad range time scales which shape both phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a) and primary productivity (carbon fixation) changes over any given interval.The narrow continental shelf steep alongshore orography off north-central Chile provide for unique combination year-round, upwelling-favorable winds with quasi-weekly pulses associated atmospheric coastal-trapped disturbances (coastal lows).This variability...

Abstract To better forecast streamflow and water resource availability, it is important to have an understanding of the meteorological drivers orographic precipitation gradient (OPG), especially critical in semiarid mountainous areas. Although forced ascent over topography typically results increasing with altitude (positive OPGs), mean annual OPGs associated individual storms can change widely magnitude even sign. Precipitation measurements from Elqui Valley Andes Chile (30°S) reveal a OPG...

The purpose of the present study is to explore synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation and water vapor transport that contribute triggering landslides in mid-Elqui basin (30°S, 70.5°W) since early 20th century. A total 12 storms during modern period (1957–2017) were identified from various sources analyzed using ERA5 Reanalysis data. An additional set eight was included characterized Century results reveal high-amplitude, deep troughs extending into subtropics off west coast South America are...

La costa del Desierto de Atacama esta sometida a un clima extrema aridez caracterizado, en la ciudad Antofagasta, por promedio precipitaciones anuales 4 mm (1904-1998). Sin embargo, ocurrencia esporadica intensas junto con ubicacion geomorfologica ciudad, hacen susceptible ser afectada flujos barro y detritos ('aluviones'). aluviones durante el siglo XX fue abordada partir estudio cronicas periodicos (desde 1916), registros instrumentales precipitacion 1904) observacion secciones depositos...

Atmospheric and oceanic partial pressures of carbon dioxide fluorescence were measured underway off the coast northern Chile in January 1997. Seawater samples taken for analysis nutrient chlorophyll concentrations at 31 stations. The objectives to improve understanding biologically induced responses upwelling processes assess air‐sea exchange CO 2 during austral summer. cruise sampled within a grid from 22°40S 24°S extending offshore 71°52′W 10–16 1997 (survey 1) 22–27 2). Survey 1...

The extensive and persistent deck of stratocumulus (SCu) off the west coast subtropical South America plays an important role in regional global climate, as well coastal weather. As other regions, SCu form at top a marine boundary layer (MBL) bounded by relatively cold ocean large-scale subsidence inversion. Nevertheless, details structure variability lower troposphere over this region are largely unknown. Ship-based meteorological observations taken along transect 27°S from Chilean (71°W)...

Subsynoptic, warm core low pressure areas are frequently observed along the west coast of subtropical South America during austral winter. These so-called coastal lows (CLs) tend to develop as an upper-air, midlatitude ridge is approaching Andes and, therefore, while increasing aloft and farther south. CLs have a profound impact in weather associated with rapid transition from clear skies stronger than average equatorward low-level flow overcast conditions relaxed (or even poleward) flow....

Abstract. The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) was a major field experiment conducted in spring of 2008 off southern Peru and northern Chile, aimed at better understanding the coupled climate systems southeast Pacific. Because logistical constrains, coastal area around 30° S not sampled during VOCALS-REx. This only marks poleward edge subtropical stratocumulus cloud regime (thus acting as source transient disturbances) but is also one most active...

Abstract A basic climatological description of 29 years surface and upper-air observations at a coastal site (23.4°S, 70.4°W) in northern Chile is presented. The considered to be generally representative the eastern margin southeast Pacific stratocumulus region, which plays an important role global radiative balance. analysis focuses on two main elements affecting weather this region: low-level cloudiness state subsidence temperature inversion. objectives paper are 1) present features these...

Abstract Water availability in the semiarid western coast of Chile (30–32°S) is conditioned by high interannual precipitation variability, reflecting transition between arid subtropical and moist mid-latitude climates Southeastern Pacific Ocean. A paleoclimate reconstruction based on latest Pleistocene–Holocene geological record from Quebrada Santa Julia archeological site (31°50′S) modern meteorological mechanisms producing alluvial episodes this region indicates a major change rainfall...

Abstract The climatology and recent trends of low-level coastal clouds at three sites along the northern Chilean coast (18.3°–23.4°S) are documented based upon up to 45 years hourly observations cloud type, coverage, heights. Consistent with subtropical location, types dominated by stratocumuli having greatest coverage (>7 oktas) smaller heights (600–750 m) during nighttime austral winter spring. Meridionally, fraction cloud-base increase from south north. Long-term in mean cover...

Abstract. We investigate the influence of regional atmospheric circulation on evaporation a saline lake in Altiplano (also known as Andean Plateau) region Atacama Desert. For that, we conducted field experiment Salar del Huasco (SDH) basin (135 km east Pacific Ocean), November 2018. The measurements were based surface energy balance (SEB) stations and airborne observations. Additionally, simulate meteorological conditions scale using Weather Research Forecasting Model. Our findings show two...

An outstanding meteorological feature appearing off the coast in Central and Northern Chile is persistent stratus cloud deck under subtropical Pacific High. It has a large impact on regional global energy balance atmospheric circulation. In connection with mid‐latitude synoptic‐scale disturbances, subsiding easterly flow down Andes often occurs allowing anthropogenic emissions of oxidized sulfur that take place region to reach deck. We explore potential emitted associated strong events occur...