Aedes-borne diseases as dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever are an emerging problem worldwide, being transmitted by Aedes aegypti albopictus. Lack of up to date information about the distribution species hampers surveillance control. Global databases have been compiled but these did not capture data in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), any models built using datasets fail identify highly suitable areas where one or both may occur. The first objective this study was therefore...

Anaplasma species are tick-transmitted obligate intracellular bacteria that infect many wild and domestic animals humans. The prevalence of spp. in ixodid ticks Qinghai Province is poorly understood. In this study, a total 1104 questing adult were investigated for the infection species. As result, we demonstrated rates 3.1, 11.1, 5.6, 4.5% A. phagocytophilum, bovis, ovis capra, respectively. All tick samples negative marginale. positive capra different significantly different. bovis male...

The health risks of wastewater use in agriculture were investigated the city Faisalabad, Pakistan, by means a cross-sectional study. study showed an increased risk intestinal nematode infection and hookworm infection, particular, farmers (OR = 31.4, 95% CI 4.1-243) their children 5.7, 2.1-16) when compared with farming households using regular (non-wastewater) irrigation water. Textile labourers living same village as lower than but Many urban peri-urban make untreated production fresh...

Dengue is one of the most common arthropod-borne viral diseases which transmitted mainly by two vector species, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus 1762) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1894) worldwide. As there no effective medicine vaccine available, control remains measure to prevent its transmission outbreak. The aim study was confirm co-occurrence populations in different localities Rawalpindi, Pakistan examine their susceptibility status against groups insecticides.Ovitraps were randomly placed...

Aedes aegypti (L.) and albopictus (Skuse) are known vectors of dengue, chikungunya, other pathogens; however, their ecology role in virus transmission has not been well studied Pakistan. Here, we report on an intensive survey potential breeding sites Ae. Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, The study continued for 11 mo was divided into three seasons: January to June (pre-monsoon), July September (monsoon), October-November (post-monsoon). Larval mosquitoes were collected from all wet containers...

As part of investigations on potential linkages between irrigation and malaria transmission, all surface water bodies in around three villages along an distributary South Punjab, Pakistan, were surveyed for anopheline mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) from April 1999 to March 2000. Samples characterized according exposure sunlight, substratum, presence vegetation, fauna, inorganic matter physical condition (clear/turbid/foul). Also temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electroconductivity...

Small ruminants are important hosts for various tick species and tick-associated organisms, many of which zoonotic. The aim the present study was to determine presence tick-borne protozoans bacteria public health veterinary significance in goats wild Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) from Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. occurrence piroplasms, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. bovis, marginale, capra, ovis, Ehrlichia spp. spotted fever group rickettsiae molecularly investigated...

Obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Anaplasma spp. are responsible for causing a hemolytic disease called anaplasmosis in animals, as well humans. This study was aimed at molecular identification and genetic analysis of causative agents beyond those already reported. A survey performed during July August 2018 Jhang District, Punjab, Pakistan. Four hundred fifty blood samples from asymptomatic, tick-infested cattle were collected on FTA cards tested presence using...

Surface irrigation in the Punjab province of Pakistan has been carried out on a large scale since development Indus Basin Irrigation System late 19th century. The objective our study was to understand how population dynamics adult anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) could be related malaria transmission rural areas with intensive and history epidemics. In this paper we present observations from three villages located along an canal South Punjab. 1 April 1999 31 March 2000. Mosquitoes...

Dengue is a mosquito-borne, viral disease that has emerged as global health concern in recent years. In the absence of specific antiviral treatment and vaccines, prevention remains key strategy for dengue control. Therefore, innovative community-driven approaches are required to improve vector control practices. This study applied evaluated positive deviance (PD) approach on selected slums Islamabad during June-October 2020. The two most dengue-affected slums, Faisal colony France colony,...

The Pakistani Punjab experienced several devastating malaria epidemics during the twentieth century. Since 1980s, however, has been at a low ebb, while in other areas of Pakistan and neighbouring India is on increase. This raises question whether transmission may have influenced by change vector species abundance or composition, possibly induced environmental changes. To investigate this question, routinely-collected government entomological data for period 1970 to 1999 district...

Waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) are the preferred method for treatment of urban wastewater in low-income countries but, especially arid regions, pond systems can be important breeding sites mosquitoes medical importance. In a WSP system Faisalabad, Pakistan, we assessed impact simple environmental interventions on mosquito occurrence and abundance. Reducing amount floating matter ponds, eliminating emergent vegetation repairing cracks cement structure reduced number mosquito-positive samples...

This study aimed to establish a pure single-cell Theileria annulata-infected B cell line for the assessment of cytokine production in transformed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. Several studies have identify surface markers T. annulata-transformed cells; however, no information on these cells is available. To investigate potential produce cytokines their responses antigen-stimulation, we purified mature (CD21) from whole blood cattle experimentally infected with annulata Kashi...

This article provides taxonomic keys for the identification of fourth-instar larvae and females 24 species anopheline mosquitoes (seven in subgenus Anopheles 17 Cellia) recorded from Pakistan. The are based on literature sources as well examination field museum collections.

The objective of the current study was to investigate role waste stabilization ponds (WSP) and wastewater-irrigated sites for production mosquitoes medical importance. Mosquito larvae were collected fortnightly from July 2001 June 2002 in Faisalabad, Pakistan. In total, 3,132 water samples WSP irrigated areas yielded 606,053 Culex five species. addition, 107,113 anophelines, representing eight species collected. Anopheles subpictus (Grassi) mosquitoes, especially quinquefasciatus (Say)...

Journal Article Importance of Waste Stabilization Ponds and Wastewater Irrigation in the Generation Vector Mosquitoes Pakistan Get access Muhammad Mukhtar, Mukhtar 1International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 12 KM Multan Rd., Lahore, Pakistan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeroen Ensink, Ensink 2International South Asia Regional Office, AP 502324 Hyderabad, India.3Department Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School Hygiene Medicine,...

The prevalence of dengue IgG and IgM antibodies was investigated in 689 patients with suspected dengue. Of the cases, 373 (54.1%) were found to be positive for antibodies, being dominant. There a significant relationship between incidence fever season: all cases reported during rainy season, especially post-monsoon season (89.5%), none dry season. More male (79.3%) than female individuals highest 21-49 year age group (63%). This is first seroprevalence study from Multan, Pakistan.

Background: Giardia intestinalis is the most common protozoan infecting small intestine of human beings and a major cause enteric infection, especially in children throughout world. It highly diverse protozoan, which comprises complex eight genetic assemblages that are further differentiated into sub-assemblages. Objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted to detect frequency, molecular detection assemblage identification G. Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: total 800 stool samples were...

District Sheikhupura encountered its first dengue outbreak in 2014 but lacked serological evidence and reports of risk factors associated with it. To assess this, a hospital-based study was conducted from January to December 2017.Blood 333 participants collected, the serum obtained tested for IgG IgM antibodies against DENV using commercially available ELISA kit.The results showed that out all (n= 333) samples tested, 120 were turned up positive DENV, making an overall prevalence 36%. Of...

Background: Genus Anaplasma of the family Anaplasmataceae possesses bacteria hematopoietic origin, which are obligate intracellular Gram-negative transmitted mainly by tick vectors. The members this group infectious agents not new as etiological animal diseases worldwide. However, now, reports their zoonotic potential have gained currency to study these pathogens. emergence species and spread existing areas hosts highlight importance monitoring improving diagnostic treatment options for...