This cross-sectional study examined perceived access to services, quality of care, and family impact reported by caregivers children aged 3–17 years with autism spectrum disorders, as compared other developmental disabilities mental health conditions. The 2009–2010 National Survey Children Special Health Care Needs was utilized examine the association between child’s special needs condition three outcomes (N = 18,136): services (difficulty using difficulty getting referrals, lack source...

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) is used frequently as a treatment for problem behavior. Previous studies on integrity failures during DRA suggest that the intervention robust, but research has not yet investigated effects different types failures. We examined two DRA, starting with human operant procedure and extending results to children disabilities in school setting. Human (Experiment 1) showed conditions involving were more detrimental than failing reinforce...

Describing demographic variables (e.g., ethnicity/race, socioeconomic status, gender/sex, age) of participants may be important for identifying relations between these and behavior‐analytic procedures. Previous research found that were underreported in studies dealing with particular populations children Autism Spectrum Disorder), interventions verbal behavior), or a subset variables. We evaluated the extent to which recently published Journal Applied Behavior Analysis included descriptions...

Previously learned responses recur under a variety of conditions. Whether such recurrence is good news or bad depends on the circumstances recurrence. Recurrence previously eliminated problem behavior news, but established strategy that facilitates constructive solving receives warmer reception. One label attached to some recurrent responding resurgence. The term used describe procedure, behavioral effect and process (cf. Mazur, 2006). These three uses often are concurrent. Laboratory...

Previous research supports the use of a variety error-correction procedures to facilitate skill acquisition during discrete-trial instruction. We used an adapted alternating treatments design compare effects 4 commonly on for 2 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 3 autism spectrum disorder. For all participants, multiple were effective; however, 1 or specific led more efficient each individual. These results highlight importance evaluating effectiveness efficiency...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate response allocation of stereotypy during free-operant and restricted-operant conditions. Five children with autism or related developmental disabilities participated in at least one up three the experiments. In Experiment 1, stereotypic that emerged as most probable a phase was restricted, again evaluated. The results for 3 participants showed restricting high-probability correlated covarying reductions nontargeted stereotypy. 2, effect...

A functional analysis for a boy with Down syndrome and autism suggested that vocal stereotypy was maintained by automatic reinforcement. The also showed instructions noncontingent attention suppressed stereotypy. treatment package consisting of attention, contingent demands, response cost effectively reduced remained effective even when removed, making the procedure easier to implement. Also, presence therapist in room participant faded systematically. After completion fading, low during...

Preference assessments directly evaluate items that may serve as reinforcers, and their implementation is an important skill for individuals who work with children. This study examined the effectiveness of pyramidal training on teachers' preference assessments. During experiment 1, 3 special education teachers taught 6 trainees to conduct paired-choice, multiple-stimulus without replacement, free-operant All acquired skills necessary implement 90% or greater accuracy during sessions...

Resurgence of problem behavior following the discontinuation differential reinforcement alternative (DRA) may be prevented by response‐independent reinforcer delivery. In basic research, delivery DRA resurgence initially reinforced response and maintained responding (Lieving & Lattal, 2003, Experiment 3). We evaluated generality these results assessing if fixed‐time (FT) would prevent maintain appropriate with 4 children disabilities. For all participants, extinction produced previously...

Abstract Procedural fidelity is the extent to which independent variables are implemented as designed. Despite 40 years of discussion about importance procedural for behavioral research, reporting data remains an uncommon practice in behavior‐analytic journals. Researchers have speculated reasons underreporting, but perspectives scholars when warranted or necessary not yet been explored. Thus, purpose this study was evaluate possible infrequent studies. To address purpose, we conducted focus...

Prior researchers have evaluated the efficacy of using matching law to describe naturally occurring behavior—environment interactions. However, spurious could be obtained if response and environmental event were correlated, even did not reinforce response. To assess likelihood obtaining when relating attention problem behavior, we behavior 3 participants for whom serve as a reinforcer in functional analysis. Both simple generalized equations used examine relations extracted from descriptive...

To date, the majority of resurgence studies have occurred in controlled contexts with nonhuman subjects. However, understanding has implications for application. In this article, I outline six reasons why applied behavior analysts should know about resurgence. These are generality phenomenon, diversity responses that resurge, extent to which procedures parallel common clinical treatment, likelihood particular topographies resurging, clinicians might want resurgence, and ways can structure...

Manding allows individuals to access reinforcers in their environment. Caregivers may not implement mand-training programs as designed, which could result decreased mand proficiency. This study evaluated the effects of delivery incorrect item (Experiment 1) and response-independent 2) across 4 levels treatment integrity (0%, 40%, 70%, 100%) on acquisition with developmental disabilities. During Experiment 1, 2 3 participants acquired fastest during 100% integrity. Delivery was detrimental...

Resurgence refers to the recurrence of a previously reinforced response following worsening reinforcement conditions (e.g., extinction) for an alternative response. Because implications treatment relapse, researchers have become particularly interested in mitigating resurgence human behavior. Some studies employed reversal designs and varied parameters across replications ABCADC) compare effects second-phase variables. Although is generally repeatable within between subjects, extent which...

The finding that differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) is efficacious at 80% integrity when continuous programmed for responding may have contributed to a perception or above acceptable. However, research also suggests other interventions (e.g., noncontingent reinforcement) not remain effective integrity. conditions under which acceptable common behavioral remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted two human-operant studies evaluate effects with contingent intermittent...