The majority of the research studying punishment has focused on an aversive stimulus delivered immediately after action. However, in real-world decision-making, negative consequences often occur long a decision been made. This can engender myopic decisions that fail to appropriately respond consequences. Whereas discounting delayed rewards well studied both human and animal models, systematic remains largely unexplored. To address this gap literature, we developed decision-making task. Rats...

<title>Abstract</title> Cannabis use during pregnancy is common as many pregnant women consider cannabis a safe way to alleviate symptoms associated with because it “natural”. However, clinical evidence links perinatal exposure externalizing behavior in offspring including impulsivity, hyperactivity, and substance use. In preclinical research, most studies focus on the psychoactive constituent of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC lipophilic allowing cross placental barrier be...

Each environmental exposure matrix contains a unique mixture of PCB congeners. Since several congener types have multiple and distinct biological actions, it is important to characterize profiles in sources. The Fox River Environment Diet Study (FRIENDS) assessing the human health effects consumption PCB-contaminated fish from northeastern Wisconsin. Concurrent laboratory studies required formulation dosing solution which closely mimicked fish. walleye were compared for various theoretical...

Estrogens have been shown to both enhance and impair cognitive function depending on several factors, including regimen of hormone treatment, age subject, task attributes. In rodent models, estradiol tends spatial learning response or cued learning, but effects executive functions are less well-studied. this experiment, working memory inhibition were tested using delayed alternation (DSA) differential reinforcement low rates responding (DRL) tasks in ovariectomized rats that given chronic...

Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or methylmercury (MeHg) can result in a variety of neurotoxic effects, including long-term auditory deficits. However, little is known about the effects combined PCBs and MeHg on function.We developmentally exposed rats and/or assessed function adulthood determine these contaminants individually combination.We female Long-Evans 1 3 mg/kg PCB corn oil, 1.5 4.5 ppm drinking water, + MeHg. Controls received oil vehicle unadulterated...

Abstract Midbrain dopaminergic neurons project to and modulate multiple highly interconnected modules of the basal ganglia, limbic system, frontal cortex. Dopamine regulates behaviors associated with action selection in striatum, reward nucleus accumbens (NAc), emotional processing amygdala, executive functioning medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The multifunctionality dopamine likely occurs at individual synapses, varied levels phasic release acting on different receptor populations. This...

The amount, composition, and sources of nutrition support provided to preterm infants is critical for normal growth development, particularly structural functional neurodevelopment. Although omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), are considered particular importance, results from clinical trials with have been inconclusive because ethical limitations confounding variables. A translational large animal model needed understand the responses DHA....

Exposure to combinations of environmental toxins is growing in prevalence; and therefore, understanding their interactions increasing societal importance. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which two toxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) high-amplitude acoustic noise, interact produce dysfunction central auditory processing. PCBs are well established impose negative developmental impacts on hearing. However, it not known whether exposure this ototoxin alters sensitivity other ototoxic...

Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alters brain dopamine (DA) concentrations and DA receptor/transporter function, suggesting the reinforcing properties of drugs abuse acting on system may be affected by PCB exposure. Female Long-Evans rats were orally exposed 0, 3, or 6mg/kg/day PCBs from 4 weeks prior breeding until litters weaned postnatal day 21. In vivo fixed potential amperometry (FPA) was used in adult anesthetized offspring determine whether perinatal exposure altered (1)...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) a common neurodevelopmental of childhood and often comorbid with other externalizing disorders (EDs). There is evidence that behaviors share genetic etiology. Recently, genome-wide, multigenerational sample linked variants in the Lphn3 gene to ADHD behaviors. Likewise, limited research animal models has provided converging plays role EDs. This study examined impact deletion (i.e.,

Introduction Impulsivity is a symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and variants in the Lphn3 (Adgrl3 ) gene (OMIM 616417) have been linked to ADHD. This project utilized delay-discounting (DD) task examine impact deletion rats on impulsive choice. “Positive control” measures were also collected spontaneously hypertensive (SHRs), another animal model Methods For Experiment I, given option press one lever for delayed reward 3 food pellets or other an immediate 1 pellet....

Mounting evidence suggests diet and exercise influence learning memory (LM). We compared a high-fat, high-sucrose Western (WD) to plant-based, amylose/amylopectin blend, lower-fat known as the Daniel Fast (DF) in rats with without regular aerobic on task of spatial working (WM).Rats were randomly assigned WD or DF at 6 weeks age. Exercised (WD-E, DF-E) ran treadmill 3 times/week for 30 min while sedentary did not (WD-S, DF-S). Rats adhered these assignments 12 weeks, inclusive ab libitum...

The cannabinoid system is being researched as a potential pharmaceutical target for multitude of disorders. present study examined the effect indirect and direct agonists on mesolimbic dopamine release related behaviors in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. agonist N-arachidonoyl serotonin (AA-5-HT) indirectly agonizes by preventing metabolism endocannabinoids through fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition while also inhibiting transient receptor vanilloid Type 1 channels. Effects AA-5-HT were compared with...

With grant support from the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) and Awards to Stimulate Support Undergraduate Experiences (ASSURE) Department of Defense (DoD) Air Force Office Scientific (AFOSR), we established a intended increase number underrepresented racial ethnic minority (URM) first-generation undergraduate students successfully applying neuroscience other STEM-related graduate programs. The Neuroscience Techniques Training...

The objective of this study was to compare the effects naltrexone (NTX) on acquisition alcohol drinking, during periadolescence and adulthood in rats using a rodent model alcoholism. Periadolescent adult alcohol-preferring (P) both sexes were given access water 15% (v/v) 24-hr/day for 45 days. Alcohol started at 1200 hr post-natal day (PND) 30 periadolescent approximately PND 90 rats. Subcutaneous (SC) injections NTX (0, 5, 10, 20, mg/kg) administered daily between 1600-1700 separate groups...

Background: Humans consuming a purified vegan diet known as the "Daniel Fast" realize favorable changes in blood lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers, with subjective reports of improved physical capacity. Objective: We sought to determine if this was synergistic exercise male rats. Methods: Long–Evans rats (n = 56) were assigned be trained (+E) by running on treadmill three days per week at moderate intensity or act sedentary controls normal activity. After baseline...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental toxicants known to adversely impact human health. Ortho-substituted PCBs affect the nervous system, including brain dopaminergic system. The reinforcing effects of psychostimulants typically modulated via so this study used a preclinical (i.e., rodent) model evaluate whether developmental contaminant exposure altered intravenous self-administration (IV SA) for psychostimulant cocaine. Long-Evans rats were perinatally exposed 6 or...