Findings from fear-conditioning studies in rats and functional neuroimaging with human volunteers have led to the suggestion that amygdala is involved preattentive detection of threat-related stimuli. However, some findings point attentional modulation response. The clinical-cognitive literature suggests extent which processing stimuli modulated by attention crucially dependent on participants' anxiety levels. Here, we conducted a magnetic resonance imaging study 27 healthy examine whether...

In the course of treatment, a small group patients with Parkinson disease (PD) develop harmful pattern compulsive dopaminergic drug use, called dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS). Individual factors may influence susceptibility.To identify predisposing to DDS in population outpatients PD.The authors compared clinical features, impulsive sensation seeking (ISS) personality traits, past experimental alcohol consumption, smoking behaviors, and depressive symptoms 25 an outpatient sample 100...

Comparative neuropsychology has identified a role for the ventral striatum (VS) in certain forms of aggression. To address whether homologous region humans also contributes to emotion anger, we studied case series four human subjects with focal lesions affecting VS. All demonstrated disproportionate impairment recognizing signals By contrast, control group individuals damage more dorsal basal ganglia (BG) regions showed no evidence an anger impairment. Our findings demonstrate that VS makes...

Negative urgency (the tendency to engage in rash, ill-considered action response intense negative emotions), is a personality trait that has been linked problematic involvement several risky and impulsive behaviours, various forms of disinhibitory psychopathology, but its neurobiological correlates are poorly understood. Here, we explored whether inter-individual variation levels was associated with regional grey matter volumes. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) sample (n = 152) healthy...

Appetitive aggression occurs in the context of resource/dominance disputes a wide variety species. Hence, possibility arises that specific neural system may have evolved to detect and coordinate responses this form challenge or threat. The dopamine has been implicated processing signals social-agonistic encounters several Here we report dopaminergic antagonism healthy male volunteers, following acute administration D2-class receptor antagonist sulpiride, leads selective disruption...

Abstract In this article, we consider the extent to which variations in neural activation associated with fear-related stimuli are obligatory or optional. More specifically, investigated modulation of according type encoding operation, and how relates individual differences fearfulness attentional control. an fMRI study, (relative neutral) pictures preferentially activated many regions involved a hierarchical system responsible for organizing defensive behavior, differential some these areas...

Animations of simple geometric shapes are readily interpreted as animate agents engaged in meaningful social interactions. Such animations have been shown to activate brain regions implicated the detection motion, understanding intentions others well areas commonly linked processing and emotional information. However, attribution animacy does not occur under all circumstances precise conditions which specific activated remains unclear. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study we...

Apathy, defined as a primary deficit in motivation and manifested by the simultaneous diminution cognitive emotional concomitants of goal-directed behavior, is common debilitating non-motor symptom Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite high prevalence clinical significance apathy, little known about its pathophysiology, particular how apathy relates to alterations neural circuitry underpinning components behavior. Here, we examined coding reward cues patients with PD, or without clinically...

This article is concerned with the application of program extraction technique to a new class problems: synthesis decision procedures for classical satisfiability problem that are correct by construction. To this end, we formalize completeness proof DPLL system and extract SAT solver from it. When applied propositional formula in conjunctive normal form produces either satisfying assignment or derivation showing its unsatisfiability. We use non-computational quantifiers remove redundant...

Pathological gambling, alongside addictive and antisocial disorders, forms part of a broad psychopathological spectrum externalizing which share an underlying genetic vulnerability. The shared propensity is highly heritable, continuously varying trait. Disinhibitory personality traits such as impulsivity novelty seeking (NS) function indicators this tendency, may reflect, at the neurobiological level, variation in reactivity dopaminergic (DAergic) brain reward systems centered on ventral...

Abstract Pre‐clinical and human neuroimaging research implicates the extended‐amygdala (ExtA) (including bed nucleus of stria terminalis [BST] central amygdala [CeA]) in networks mediating negative emotional states associated with stress substance‐use behaviours. The extent to which individual ExtA structures form a functionally integrated unit is controversial. We utilised large sample ( n > 1,000 healthy young adult humans) compare intrinsic functional connectivity (ICNs) BST CeA using...

Previous research has implicated regions of anterior insula/frontal operculum in processing conspecific facial expressions disgust. It been suggested however that there are a variety disgust expression components which relate to the disgust-eliciting stimulus. The nose wrinkle is predominantly associated with irritating or offensive smells, mouth gape and tongue extrusion distaste oral irritation, while broader range elicitors including aversive interpersonal contacts certain moral offenses...

According to theories of emotional complexity, individuals low in complexity encode and represent emotions visceral or action-oriented terms, whereas high a differentiated way, using multiple emotion concepts. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants viewed valenced animated scenarios simple ball-like figures attending either social spatial aspects the interactions. Participant's was assessed Levels Emotional Awareness Scale. We found distributed set brain regions...

Mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) represent commonest genetic form of obesity and are associated with hyperphagia. The aim this study was to investigate whether melanocortin signaling modulates anticipatory food reward by studying brain activation response cues individuals MC4R mutations. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging measure blood oxygen level-dependent responses images highly palatable, appetizing foods, bland non-food objects eight obese mutations, 10 equally...

Impulse control disorders (ICDs), including disordered gambling, can occur in a significant number of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) receiving dopaminergic therapy. The neurobiology underlying susceptibility to such problems is unclear, but risk likely results from an interaction between medication and pre-existing trait vulnerability. addictive form part broader psychopathological spectrum disorders, which share common genetic vulnerability, referred as externalizing. broad...

Abstract Prospection (mentally simulating future events) generates emotionally-charged mental images that guide social decision-making. Positive and negative expectancies—imagining new interactions to be rewarding versus threatening—are core components of approach avoidance motivation, respectively. Interindividual differences in such positive future-related cognitions may underpinned by distinct neuroanatomical substrates. Here, we asked 100 healthy adults vividly imagine themselves a novel...