Of 203 human clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni from Alberta, Canada (1999 to 2002), 101 (50%) were resistant at least 64 microg tetracycline/ml, with four exhibiting higher levels tetracycline resistance (512 microg/ml). In total, the MICs for 37% tetracycline-resistant (256 512 microg/ml) than those previously reported in C. (64 128 isolates, 67% contained plasmids and all tet(O) gene. Four high (MIC = carrying gene, which could be transferred other jejuni. The transconjugants...

A quasi-immune response was demonstrated in kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus infected naturally or experimentally with PRDV (penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus, also called white spot syndrome virus WSSV), the causative agent of PAV acute viremia). In first step this study, natural survivors 4 mo after a outbreak 94 % relative percent survival (RPS) upon experimental challenge. Mortalities challenge were confirmed by detection to be due using PCR method. second step, produced intramuscular (IM)...

Occurrence of tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins was examined in 151 tetracycline-resistant bacterial isolates from fish and seawater at coastal aquaculture sites Japan Korea. The tet(M) gene detected 34 Japanese Korean isolates, which included Vibrio sp., Lactococcus garvieae, Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, unidentified Gram-positive bacteria. majority these displayed high-level with a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) equal to or greater...

The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is a severe problem in aquaculture. ability drug resistance genes to transfer from bacterial cell another thought be responsible for the wide dissemination these aquaculture environment; however, little known about gene mechanisms marine bacteria. In this study, we show that tetracycline-resistant strain Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, isolated seawater at coastal site Japan, harbors novel multiple plasmid. This plasmid named pAQU1 can...

We found increased numbers of oxytetracycline (OTC)-resistant bacteria in sediment and seawater around a marine aquaculture site after OTC therapy. Samples were collected at an along the coast Seto Inland Sea, Japan 2004. In April, percentage resistant to 60 μg mL-1 surface was 6.8%-20.0%. The percentages during therapy summer reaching 53.3%-60.7% September. Ninety-two days drug cessation, decreased below 22.9%. Tet(M)-positive detected samples. Tet(M) evident both Gram-positive...

The tetracycline (TC) resistance gene tet(M) was monitored in bacteria isolated from Japanese coastal and off-shore marine sediments. high rate of occurrence TC resistant (TCr) (120 µg mL−1 TC) observed at frequency ranges between 0.0−0.08% Tokyo Bay, 1.67−1.82% Sagami Bay 0.0−4.35% the open Pacific Ocean. PCR amplified TCr isolates, showing 127 209 isolates (60.8%) as positive. 32.0−96.0%, 21.1 −28.0% 0.0−83.3% Ocean, respectively. positive belonged to 4 orders bacteria. Bacillales most...

ABSTRACT A new oxytetracycline (OTC) resistance (Otc r ) determinant, Tet 34, was cloned from chromosomal DNA of Vibrio sp. no. 6 isolated intestinal contents cultured yellowtail ( Seriola quinqueradiata ). The transformant, containing could grow in broth 25 μg drug per ml with 10 mM MgCl 2 . 34 encoded an open reading frame (ORF) 154 amino acids long. acid sequence the ORF homologous to sequences several bacterial xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferases (XPRTs), which act purine...

The aim of this study was to determine whether mef(C) and mph(G), originally found on the transferable multi-drug plasmid pAQU1 from Photobacterium damselae subsp. isolated seawater a fish farm, are responsible for conferring macrolide resistance. Since these genes localized head-to-tail only four nucleotides exist between them, single- combination-effect examined. When mph(G) alone introduced Escherichia coli, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against erythromycin, clarithromycin...

ABSTRACT Tetracycline resistance in clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori has been associated with nucleotide substitutions at positions 965 to 967 the 16S rRNA. We constructed mutants which had different sequences rRNA gene present on a multicopy plasmid Escherichia coli strain TA527, all seven rrn genes were deleted. The MICs for tetracycline having single, double, or triple region that previously found highly resistant H. higher than mutant exhibiting wild-type sequence...

Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the aquaculture environment is a significant problem for disease control cultured fish as well human public health. Conjugative mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are involved dissemination antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among marine bacteria. In present study, we first designed PCR targeting traI gene encoding essential relaxase conjugation. By this new PCR, demonstrated that five 83 strains isolated from coastal site had traI-positive MGEs....

The strand-biased circularizing integrative elements (SEs) are putatively non-mobilizable for transmitting antimicrobial resistance genes. transposition mode and the prevalence of SEs in prokaryotes remain vague.To corroborate SEs, hypothetical intermediates an SE were searched genomic DNA fractions host. Then, core genes defined based on gene knockout experiments, synteny blocks their distant homologs RefSeq complete genome sequence database using PSI-BLAST. A fractionation experiment...

The capture of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) plays a critical role in acquisition for human-associated bacteria. Although aquaculture environments are recognized as important reservoirs ARGs, intra- and intercellular mobility MGEs discovered marine organisms is poorly characterized. Here, we show new pattern interspecies ARGs transfer involving 'non-conjugative' integrative element. To identify active Vibrio ponticus isolate, conducted whole-genome...

The exchange of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes between aquaculture and terrestrial microbial populations has emerged as a serious public health concern. However, the nature mobile genetic elements in marine bacteria is poorly documented. To gain insight into mechanisms underlying AMR gene transfer from bacteria, we mated multidrug-resistant Vibrio alfacsensis strain with an Escherichia coli strain, then determined complete genome sequences donor transconjugant strains. Sequence...

Penaeid acute viremia (PAV) caused by penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV : one of white spot baculovirus complex) is the most serious disease affecting kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus) culture in Japan. In this study an experimental challenge was carried out different larval (nauplius, zoea and mysis) postlarval (PL 1, 6, 9 11-12) stages order to elucidate difference susceptibility PRDV among developmental host. The done immersion all tested groups. No infections were recorded PL1. PL6 first...

Summary Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, and ubiquitously found in natural environments. However, details on difference between clinical environmental isolates have not been reported enough. In this study, we defined existence of marine specific genogroup different drug susceptibility among from clinical, river coastal seawaters. were isolated by using cetrimide kanamycin nalidixic acid agar media incubation at 42°C, which was selection method bacterium the aquatic...

The distribution of tet(34) was examined among oxytetracycline (OTC) resistant Vibrio strains isolated from Japan, Korea and the Philippines. detected in 10 isolates (6 fish, 4 seawater) Japan Korea, suggesting that it is widely distributed fish seawater bacteria these countries. Ninety-eight percent Philippines were sensitive to OTC, but none 60 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) OTC-resistant increased 2 8 fold presence Mg2+, MICs higher Japanese Korean than Philippine isolates. MIC...

Shewanella spp., which are known to carry chromosomally located bla OXA genes, have mainly been isolated from marine environments; however, they can also cause infections in humans. In this study, we compared the molecular characteristics of clinical isolates spp. with those originating environmental sources. All 10 were genetically identified as members algae clade ( S. , chilikensis and carassii ); all but one 13 species outside clade.