Colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease, is caused by a variety of factors, but luminal microbiota are thought to play crucial roles in disease development and progression. Indole produced gut believed protect the colon from damage. In current study, we investigated whether indole-3-carbinol (I3C), naturally occurring plant product found numerous cruciferous vegetables, can prevent colitis-associated microbial dysbiosis attempted identify mechanisms. Treatment with I3C led repressed colonic...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and disabling disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by neuroinflammation leading to demyelination. Recently combination Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from Cannabis has been approved in many parts world treat MS-related spasticity. THC+CBD was also shown suppresses neuroinflammation, although mechanisms remain be further elucidated. In current study, we demonstrate that therapy (10mg/kg each) but not THC or...

Tryptamine is a naturally occurring monoamine alkaloid which has been shown to act as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist. It produced in large quantities from the catabolism of essential amino acid tryptophan by commensal microorganisms within gastrointestinal (GI) tract homeothermic organisms. Previous studies have established microbiota derived AHR ligands potent regulators neuroinflammation, further defining role gut-brain axis plays complex etiology multiple sclerosis (MS)...

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) causes up to 40% mortality in humans and is difficult treat. ARDS also one of the major triggers associated with coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19). We used a mouse model induced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which 100% mortality, investigate mechanisms through Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) attenuates ARDS. SEB was trigger C3H mice. These mice were treated THC analyzed for survival, ARDS, cytokine storm, metabolome. Additionally, cells...

Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to development of cardiometabolic disorders. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists attenuate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and related inflammation, although the precise anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved have not been fully explored. In current study we used a mouse model DIO intervention determine microRNA (miRNA, miR)-mediated anti-obesity effects CB1 antagonist, AM251. mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ubiquitously expressed ligand-activated transcription factor. While initially identified as an environmental sensor, this has been shown more recently to regulate variety of immune functions. AhR ligands vary in structure and source from chemicals such 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) indoles found cruciferous vegetables endogenous derived tryptophan metabolism. In the current study, we used TCDD, high affinity ligand study impact activation...

Intestinal disequilibrium leads to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic inflammation predisposes oncogenesis. Antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) macrophages can tip the equilibrium toward tolerance or pathology. Here we show that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) attenuates colitis-associated colon cancer colitis induced by anti-CD40. Working through cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), THC increases CD103 expression on DCs upregulates TGF-β1 increase T regulatory (Tregs)....

Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by immune cell dysregulation and alterations in the gut microbiome. In our previous report, we showed a natural product cruciferous vegetables ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), indole-3-carbinol (I3C), was able to reduce colitis-induced severity microbial dysbiosis interleukin-22 (IL-22) dependent manner.

OPINION article Front. Pharmacol., 06 November 2020Sec. Inflammation Pharmacology Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.589438

Abstract Mauritius Island possesses unique plant biodiversity with a potential reservoir of biologically active compounds pharmacological interest. In the current study, we investigated endemic families Asteraceae, Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, and Erythroxylaceae, for anti-cancer properties on T cell lymphoma B16F10 Melanoma cells immunomodulatory primary B cells. The cytotoxicity methanolic extracts at 1, 10, 25 µg/ml was determined. most species were evaluated their apoptosis-inducing effects....

Cannabinoid receptor [CB] activation can attenuate inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in experimental models and human cohorts. However, the roles of microbiome, metabolome, respective contributions haematopoietic non-haematopoietic cells anti-colitic effects cannabinoids have yet to be determined.Female C57BL/6 mice were treated with either cannabidiol [CBD], Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC], a combination CBD THC, or vehicle, several chemically induced colitis. Clinical parameters colitis...

Although cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists have been shown to attenuate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and associated inflammation, the precise molecular mechanisms involved are not clear. In current study, we investigated role of microRNA (miR) in regulation adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) phenotype following treatment DIO mice with CB1 antagonist SR141716A. were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks then treated daily SR141716A (10 mg/kg) 4 while continuing HFD. Treated experienced...

While blockade of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) has been shown to attenuate diet-induced obesity (DIO), its relative role in different cell types not tested. The current study investigated the CB1 immune vs non-immune cells during DIO by generating radiation-induced bone marrow chimeric mice that expressed functional all except or only cells. CB1-/- recipient hosts were resistant DIO, indicating is necessary for induction DIO. Interestingly, chimeras with showed exacerbation combined...

This study explores two key questions: (1) How and why the use of touch—defined here as hands-on physical touch—is effective in teaching voice Alexander Technique, (2) might this powerful pedagogical tool change light #MeToo era? The article first discusses when, how, touch is teaching. then examines when teachers choose not to curricular methods that can encourage individual choice area. argues for practices ensure no student feels coerced or pressured comply with assumed directives...

Abstract Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that has anti-inflammatory properties; however the precise immunological mechanisms involved are not clear. Research from our laboratory established CBD promotes expansion of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which immature leukocytes thought to have stalled their differentiation towards mature myeloid lineages such as macrophages and dendritic (DC). In current study, we aimed better understand...

FICZ (6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole) is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist that has poorly understood function in the regulation of inflammation. In this study, we investigated effect activation by murine model autoimmune hepatitis induced concanavalin A. High-throughput sequencing techniques such as single-cell RNA and assay for transposase accessible chromatin were used to explore mechanisms through which induces its effects. treatment attenuated A-induced hepatitis, evidenced...

Abstract Although recent studies have established cannabidiol (CBD) as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, the mechanisms governing these processes remain unclear. Our previous research demonstrated that CBD treatment induced expansion of CD11b+Gr-1+MDSC in peritoneum, which suppressed T cell functions leading to attenuation staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-mediated liver inflammation mice. Using same model, we characterize effects administration liver. Briefly, mice were injected...

Abstract Macrophages are innate immune cells that play integral roles in maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. Visceral obesity stimulates pro-inflammatory macrophages to infiltrate into causing chronic low-grade inflammation can lead insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders. Notch signaling is elevated serves as a form communication between adipocytes. Blockade this pathway promotes browning while reducing therefore, has therapeutic potential. MicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) non-coding...

Abstract Obesity is a major health problem in the U.S. that continues to increase prevalence. Excessive calorie consumption leads expansion of adipose tissue through both hypertrophy and hyperplasia. As result, adipocytes die macrophages infiltrate into repair damage. Activation infiltration immune cells contribute chronic low-grade inflammation present obesity. Immune express cannabinoid receptors regulate inflammation. In this study, mouse model high fat diet-induced obesity was used...

Abstract The endocannabinoid (eCB) system regulates a variety of physiological processes including inflammation and metabolism. Obesity is characterized by overactivation the eCB system, chronic low-grade inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, gut microbial dysbiosis. Blockade cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) ameliorates obesity, however CB1-mediated immune-microbial interactions have not been extensively explored. In current study, antagonists genetic ablation CB1 were used in mouse model...

Abstract TCDD, FICZ, and Resveratrol (RES) are potent ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). TCDD is well known to cause thymic atrophy but the effects FICZ RES have not been studied date. In current study, we investigated effect AhR in vivo. We chose these for their different origin-TCDD, an environmental contaminant, endogenously generated, RES, found plant products. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle (corn oil) or (10 μg/kg bw) (100 mg/kg by oral gavage. Three days...