Agomelatine, a novel antidepressant with established clinical efficacy, acts as an agonist of melatonergic MT1 and MT2 receptors antagonist 5-HT2C receptors. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether chronic treatment agomelatine would block unpredictable mild stress (UCMS)-induced cognitive deterioration in mice passive avoidance (PA), modified elevated plus maze (mEPM), object recognition (NOR), Morris water (MWM) tests. Moreover, the effects on brain-derived neurotrophic...

Exenatide is a potent and selective agonist for the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor. Recent studies are focused on effects of analogues hippocampal neurogenesis, cognition, learning memory functions. The aim this study was to assess chronic exenatide treatment (0.1 μg/kg, s.c, twice daily 2 weeks) spatial functions by using modified elevated plus maze (mEPM) test emotional passive avoidance (PA) in streptozotocin/nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic mice. As genes involved neurite...

Background:Comorbid neurobehavioral disturbances and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) warrant immediate research attention.Exenatide, which is a potent selective agonist for the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), used in treatment of T2DM.Exenatide displays multitude effects central nervous system.The aim this study was to investigate anxiolytic-and antidepressant-like analgesic exenatide diabetic mouse model. Material/Methods:Modified elevated plus-maze test anxiolytic-like, forced swimming...

We demonstrated that confronting mice to the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) procedure—a validated model of stress-induced depression—results in behavioural alterations and biochemical changes kynurenine pathway (KP), suspected modify glutamatergic neurotransmission through imbalance between downstream metabolites such as 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic kynurenic acids. showed daily treatment with IDO1 inhibitor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan partially rescues UCMS-induced KP does...

Strong evidence indicates that impaired cognition is a core element of depression, and antidepressant treatment may ameliorate cognitive impairments experienced by depressive patients. Present study was performed to investigate effects chronic tianeptine (5 mg/kg) or olanzapine (2.5 administration on behaviors unpredictable mild stress (UCMS)-exposed mice compare these those induced widely used SSRI fluoxetine (15 in mice. To drugs, the Morris water maze test (MWM), elevated plus (EPM)...

Nitric oxide (NO) is an atypical neurotransmitter that causes changes in cognition. synthase (NOS) and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors have been shown to exert some effects on cognition previous studies; however, the findings controversial. This study was aimed at understanding of NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), spatial memory modified elevated plus maze (mEPM), Morris water (MWM), radial arm (RAM) tests. Male Balb-c mice were...

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: It has been previously shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is linked with various types of cancer. Brain-derived found to be highly expressed in multiple human cancers and associated tumor growth, invasion, metastasis. Adipokinetic hormones are functionally related the vertebrate glucagon, as they have similar functionalities manage nutrient-dependent secretion these two hormones. Migrasomes new organelles contain numerous small vesicles, which aid transmitting...

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), which is involved memory processes. This led to the hypothesis that nitric synthase (NOS) inhibitors will have disturbing effects on learning and memory. The aim of our study was investigate new selective neuronal inducible NOS inhibitor 1- (2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (TRIM) (10-50 mg/kg) compare it nonselective 7-NI (15-45 using different behavioral tests Swiss mice, thus clarifying (nNOS)...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects an atypical antipsychotic risperidone (RIS; 0.06, 0.125 or 0.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) on learning and memory processes, both in naive MK-801-treated (0.15 rats.Modified elevated plus maze (mEPM), passive avoidance (PA) Morris water (MWM) tasks were used.In mEPM test, RIS (0.125 mg/kg) significantly decreased transfer latency reversed MK-801-induced prolongation rats 2nd day. In PA slightly step-through (retention latency) but...

Recent studies have shown that learning and memory capacity is disturbed in depressive patients, it important to reveal the effects of antidepressant drugs on cognitive function patients with problems. Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), one most widely used for treatment disorders related serotonergic dysfunction like depression anxiety. Contradictory findings exist regarding SSRIs memory. The aim this study investigate whether citalopram affects various models...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that has modulating effects on insulin release. GLP-1 and receptors for are widely expressed throughout the body including brain. The expression of very specific to large neurons in hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum. receptor stimulation enhances glucose-dependent secretion lowers blood glucose type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies adipobiology neurotrophins have focused nerve growth factor (NGF) as example adipose-derived neurotrophins....

Background:Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger that plays a critical role in learning and memory processes. Effects of nitric synthase (NOS) inhibitors guanylate cyclase (GC) on cognitive function remain controversial. Material andMethods:The aim this study was to investigate effects NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), GC 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), different aspects passive avoidance (PA), novel object recognition (NOR), social transmission food...

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in the central nervous system have been shown to stimulate neuronal functions and increase neurogenesis Alzheimer disease (AD) patients.The aim of this study was investigate effects zaprinast, a PDE5 inhibitor, rolipram, PDE4 on learning memory elevated plus maze (EPM) passive avoidance (PA) tests naive mice. Male Balb-c mice received short-term treatment with zaprinast (3 10 mg/kg) rolipram (0.05 0.1 before acquisition trial EPM PA tests. The exploratory...

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE) improved recognition memory and counteracted spatial learning impairment induced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in recent studies. Aim this study was to investigate effects rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor zaprinast, PDE5 inhibitor, on Morris water maze (MWM) radial arm (RAM) tests naive mice. Male Balb-c mice were treated subchronically with zaprinast (3 10 mg/kg) rolipram (0.05 0.1 for 6 days the MWM test acutely before retention trial test....