Embryonic diapause (ED) is a temporary arrest of embryo development and characterized by delayed implantation in the uterus. ED occurs blastocysts less than 2% mammalian species, including mouse (Mus musculus). If were an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, then it should be inducible normally non-diapausing mammals, such as domestic species. To prove this hypothesis, we examined whether from sheep (Ovis aries) could enter into following their transfer uteri which conditions induced. Sheep...

Protamines confer a compact structure to the genome of male gametes. Here, we find that somatic cells can be remodeled by transient expression protamine 1 (Prm1). Ectopically expressed Prm1 forms scattered foci in nuclei fibroblasts, which coalescence into spermatid-like structures, concomitant with loss histones and reprogramming barrier, H3 lysine 9 methylation. Protaminized injected enucleated oocytes efficiently underwent maternal histone TH2B exchange developed normal blastocyst stage...

The study of growth and development lambs (Ovis aries) is essential in sheep farming, melatonin plays an important role the physiology growing lambs. effects exogenous treatment on several physiological characteristics fattening at weaning were studied. Eight assigned to one two groups; those that did (melatonin group, n = 4) or not (no-melatonin receive subcutaneous implants weaning. At end period, quantify locomotor activity (LA), each lamb was fitted with a triaxial accelerometer, for 7...

Abstract For livestock, transport can involve several potential stressors including human handling, stocking density, air temperature, noise, vibration, and loading/unloading procedures. The animal’s perception of its ability to adapt those stimuli are not fully understood, which makes it difficult carry out welfare assessments. This study aimed detect stressful moments in lambs during through changes physiological molecular markers. Data obtained from bio-loggers that record variables an...

STUDY QUESTIONIs DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) dysfunction involved in epigenetic deregulation of placentae from embryos obtained by assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs)?

The genotype of an organism is stable throughout its life; however, epigenome dynamic and can be altered in response to environmental factors, such as diet. Inheritance acquired epigenetic modifications by the next generation occurs through germline, although precise mechanisms remain elucidated. Here, we used a sheep model evaluate if modification maternal diet (CTR; control, UND: undernutrition; FA: undernutrition folic acid supplementation) during peri-conceptional period affects...

To evaluate how assisted reproductive technologies (ART) affect vasculogenesis of the developing conceptus, we analyzed placental and fetal development in vitro-produced (IVP) sheep embryos. Pregnancies produced by ART carry increased risk low birth weight, though what causes this remains largely unknown. We recently reported that developmental arrest conceptuses obtained is most pronounced when cardiovascular system develops (Days 20–30 development). A total 86 IVP blastocysts (2–4 per ewe)...

Melatonin plays a crucial role in enhancing reproductive performance small ruminants. This paper reveals the effects of exogenous melatonin on placental and endometrial rearrangement early pregnancy sheep.

Pregnancies obtained by Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are associated with limited maternal nutrient uptake. Our previous studies shown that in vitro culture of sheep embryos is vascularization defects their placentae and consequent reduction embryo growth. Autophagy a pro-survival cellular mechanism triggered insufficiency. Therefore, the goal our present study was to determine if autophagy involved early placental development after transfer produced (IVP) embryos. To do this,...

Pregnancies obtained by Assisted Reproductive Technologies are at higher risk of miscarriage than those naturally. Previously, we reported impaired placental vascular development in vitro produced (IVP) sheep embryos and defective DNA methylation the placentae embryos. One reason behind these observed defects may be an Carbon Metabolism (OCM) The present study was performed to test hypothesis that Cobalamin (Vitamin B12, important OCM co-factor) supplementation during IVM corrects IVP and,...

During the early stage of placentation in sheep, normal conceptus development is affected by trophoblast cell functionality, whose dysregulation results pregnancy loss. Trophoblast metabolism supported mainly histotrophic factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which are involved differentiation and function through modulation specific cellular mechanisms. The mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) known as a ‘nutrient sensor’, but its downstream regulation remains poorly...

Introduction The preservation of locally endangered breeds is essential for maintaining ecosystem services that benefit both society and the environment. Reproductive fitness becomes a crucial consideration in this context. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules play key role post-transcriptional regulation. Typically, they function within tissues where produced. However, when released into extracellular fluid, referred to as circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs). C-miRNAs may serve...

The production of androgenetic embryos in large animals is a complex procedure. Androgenetic have been produced so far only cattle and sheep using pronuclear transfer (PT) between zygotes derived from vitro fertilization (IVF) previously enucleated oocytes. PT required due to the poor developmental potential androgenotes IVF Here we compare developemt blastocyst by standard oocytes Ca2+/Mg2+-free medium, without transfer. enucleation medium abolished almost completely manipulation-induced...

Recently we have demonstrated the possibility to replace histones with protamine, through heterologous expression of human protamine 1 (hPrm1) gene in sheep fibroblasts. Here optimized protaminization somatic nucleus by adjusting best concentration and exposure time trichostatin A (TSA) serum-starved fibroblasts (nuclear quiescence), before expressing Prm1 gene. To stop cell proliferation, starved cells 0.5% FBS MEM (“starved”—ST group), whereas Control group (CTR) were cultured 10% MEM....

In various animal species, the main cause of pregnancy loss in conceptuses obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) are placental abnormalities. Most abnormalities described SCNT pregnancies (such as placentomegaly, reduced vascularisation, hypoplasia trophoblastic epithelium) suggest that degeneration may be triggered mitochondrial failure. We hypothesized clones related to dysfunction. To test this, early and control (CTR, from vitro fertilization) placentae were collected pregnant...

Functional genomic imprinting is necessary for the transfer of maternal resources to mammalian embryos. Imprint-free embryos are unable establish a viable placental vascular network such as nutrients and oxygen. How parental origin inherited genes influences cellular response resource limitation currently not well understood. Because limitations initially realized by placenta, we studied how paternal genomes influence self-destruction responses this organ specifically. Here, show that...

DNA methylation of regulatory and growth-related genes contributes to fetal programming which is important for maintaining the correct development three germ layers embryo that differentiate into different tissues organs, persists adult life. In this study, a preliminary single tissue epigenetic screen was performed define genomic regions are involved in epigenome remodeling. Embryonic ectodermic (origin nervous tissue), mesenchymal connective muscular tissues), foregut endoderm epithelial...

Farm procedures have an impact on animal welfare by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that induces a wide array of physiological responses. This adaptive system guarantees copes with environmental variations and it metabolic molecular changes can be quantified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key role in regulation homeostasis emerging evidence has identified circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers stress-related disorders animals. Based clustering analysis salivary cortisol...