According to perceptual symbol systems, sensorimotor simulations underlie the representation of concepts. It follows that phenomena should arise in conceptual processing. Previous studies have shown switching from one modality another during processing incurs a cost. If simulation underlies processing, then verifying properties concepts exhibit cost as well. For example, property auditory (e.g., BLENDER-loud) be slower after different CRANBERRIES-tart) than same LEAVES-rustling). Only words...

Abstract According to the Perceptual Symbols Theory of cognition (), modality‐specific simulations underlie representation concepts. A strong prediction this view is that perceptual processing affects conceptual processing. In study, participants performed a detection task and property‐verification in alternation. Responses on were slower for those trials preceded by trial different modality than same modality. This finding modality‐switch effect across supports hypothesis representations...

The notion of language comprehension as mental simulation has become popular in cognitive science. We revisit some the original empirical evidence for this. Specifically, we attempted to replicate findings from earlier studies that examined object orientation, shape, and color, respectively, sentence-picture verification. For each these sets findings, conducted two web-based replication attempts using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Our results are mixed. Participants responded faster pictures...

The conceptual metaphor theory states that abstract concepts are represented by image schemas from concrete domains. In the present study we investigated mapping for SIMILARITY IS CLOSENESS using tasks with nonlinguistic materials. Experiments 1 and 2 participants decided whether two squares were similar or dissimilar in colour. spatial distance between was varied. Performance to colours better at shorter distances, whereas performance longer distances. 3 4 made decisions squares. not...

Many argue that there is a reproducibility crisis in psychology. We investigated nine well-known effects from the cognitive psychology literature-three each domains of perception/action, memory, and language, respectively-and found they are highly reproducible. Not only can be reproduced online environments, but also with nonnaïve participants no reduction effect size. Apparently, some tasks so constraining encapsulate behavior external influences, such as testing situation prior recent...

Numerous studies use arm movements (arm flexion and extension) to investigate the interaction between emotional stimuli approach/avoidance behaviour. In many experiments, however, these are ambiguous. Arm can be interpreted either as pulling (approach) or withdrawing (avoidance). On contrary, extension reaching pushing This ambiguity resolved by regarding approach avoidance flexible action plans that represented in terms of their effects. Approach actions reduce distance a stimulus self,...

According to theories of embodied cognition, language comprehenders simulate sensorimotor experiences represent the meaning what they read. Previous studies have shown that picture recognition is better if object in matches orientation or shape implied by a preceding sentence. In order test whether strategic imagery may explain previous findings, first read list sentences which objects were mentioned. Only once complete had been was memory tested with pictures. Recognition performance...

Can mouth movements shape attitudes?When people articulate different consonants (e.g., B or K) they press the tongue and lips against various spots in mouth.This allows for construction of words that feature systematic wanderings consonantal stricture either from front to rear (inward, e.g., BENOKA) (outward, KENOBA) mouth.These muscular strictures resemble oral kinematics during deglution (swallowing-like, inward movement) expectoration (spitting-like, outward movement).Thus, we predicted...

According to recent embodied cognition theories, mental concepts are represented by modality-specific sensory-motor systems. Much of the evidence for modality-specificity in conceptual processing comes from property-verification task. When applying this and other tasks, it is important select items based on their modality-exclusivity. We collected modality ratings a set 387 properties, each which was paired with two different concepts, yielding total 774 concept-property items. For item,...

EDITORIAL article Front. Psychol., 17 August 2011Sec. Cognition volume 2 - 2011 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00187

Retrieval practice with particular items from memory can impair the recall of related on a later test. This retrieval-induced forgetting effect has been ascribed to inhibitory processes (M. C. Anderson & B. A. Spellman, 1995). A critical finding that distinguishes interference explanations is found independent (or extralist) cues. In 4 experiments, authors tested whether cue-independent. Forgetting was investigated for both studied and unstudied semantically items. Retrieval-induced not...

In the present study we investigated whether mental representation of concept categories is represented by container image schema (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). two experiments participants decided pictures were from same category (animal or vehicle). Pictures presented inside outside a frame that should activate schema. We found performance to was influenced in congruence with metaphorical mapping (same category—inside bounded region; different category—not region). These results show...

Motor affordances have been shown to play a role in visual object identification and categorization. The present study explored whether working memory is likewise supported by motor affordances. Use of should be disrupted interference, this effect larger for objects that than do not. In 5 experiments participants performed task on photographs manipulable nonmanipulable objects. Concurrent motor, verbal, or tasks interfered with performance general but did not interact manipulability. Thus,...

We report an experiment that compared two explanations for the effect of congruency between a word's on screen spatial position and its meaning. On one account, is explained by match mental simulation Alternatively, polarity alignment principle. To distinguish these accounts we presented same object names (e.g., shark, helicopter) in sky decision task or ocean task, such response typical location were disentangled. Sky responses faster to words at top bottom screen, but reverse was found...

In a spatial attention paradigm, Fischer et al. (2003) showed that merely perceiving number shifted according to the magnitude of number. Low numbers left and high right. This suggests are represented by mental line - image schema is ordered from right with increasing magnitude. six experiments, we used paradigm investigate if when such representations activated. Participants detected visual targets were preceded low numbers. Between experiments manipulated how participants processed either...

The independent cue technique has been developed to test traditional interference theories against inhibition of forgetting. In the present study, authors tested critical criterion for independence cues: Studied cues not presented during (and unrelated cues) should contribute retrieval process. Participants first studied a subset (e.g., rope) that were subsequently together with target in 2nd study phase rope-sailing, sunflower-yellow). phase, an extralist category sports, color) was...

Even without feedback, test practice enhances delayed performance compared to study practice, but the size of effect is variable across studies. We investigated benefit testing, separating initially retrievable items from nonretrievable items. In two experiments, an initial determined item retrievability. Retrievable or were subsequently presented for repeated practice. Collapsing items, in Experiment 1, we obtained typical cross-over interaction between retention interval and type. For...

Numbers might be understood by grounding in spatial orientation, where small numbers are represented as low or to the left and large high right. We presented concrete (seven shoes a shoe shop) abstract (29 - 7) contexts asked participants make relative magnitude judgments. Following judgment target letter was at top bottom (Experiments 1-3) right (Experiment 4) of visual field. Participants were better identifying letters congruent than incongruent locations, but this effect obtained only...