A5051780305- Memory Processes and Influences
- Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Education and Critical Thinking Development
- Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Reading and Literacy Development
- Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Information Retrieval and Search Behavior
- Online and Blended Learning
- Student Assessment and Feedback
- Advanced Text Analysis Techniques
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Evaluation of Teaching Practices
- Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Educational and Psychological Assessments
Erasmus University Rotterdam
2015-2024
Avans University of Applied Sciences
2016-2024
Queensland University of Technology
2022
Codarts Rotterdam
2013
Trying to remember something now typically improves your ability it later. However, after watching a video of simulated bank robbery, participants who verbally described the robber were 25% worse at identifying in lineup than instead listed U.S. states and capitals—this has been termed “verbal overshadowing” effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). More recent studies suggested that this might be substantially smaller first reported. Given uncertainty about size, influence finding...
In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required decide quickly than forced delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., et al., 2014) others null effects Tinghög 2013; Verkoeijen Bouwmeester, 2014)....
Recently, researchers claimed that people are intuitively inclined to cooperate with reflection causing them behave selfishly. Empirical support for this claim came from experiments using a 4-player public goods game marginal return of 0.5 showing contributed more money common project when they had decide quickly (i.e., decision based on intuition) than were instructed reflect and slowly. This intuitive-cooperation effect is high scientific practical importance because it argues against...
Many argue that there is a reproducibility crisis in psychology. We investigated nine well-known effects from the cognitive psychology literature-three each domains of perception/action, memory, and language, respectively-and found they are highly reproducible. Not only can be reproduced online environments, but also with nonnaïve participants no reduction effect size. Apparently, some tasks so constraining encapsulate behavior external influences, such as testing situation prior recent...
Summary The testing effect refers to the finding that retrieval practice leads better long‐term retention than additional study of course material. In present study, we examined whether this generalizes primary school vocabulary learning. We also manipulated word learning context. Children were introduced 20 words by listening a story in which novel embedded (story condition) or isolated (word pairs condition). children practised meaning 10 and restudy. After 1 week, they completed cued...
Four experiments investigated whether the testing effect also applies to acquisition of problem-solving skills from worked examples. Experiment 1 (n = 120) showed no beneficial effects consisting isomorphic problem solving or example recall on final test performance, which consisted solving, compared continued study 2 124) identical restudying an example. Interestingly, participants who took both immediate and a delayed outperformed those taking only test. This finding suggested that might...
Abstract There is a need for effective methods to teach critical thinking (CT). One instructional method that seems promising comparing correct and erroneous worked examples (i.e., contrasting examples). The aim of the present study, therefore, was investigate effect on learning transfer CT-skills, focusing avoiding biased reasoning. Students ( N = 170) received instructions CT biases in reasoning tasks, followed by: (1) examples, (2) (3) or (4) practice problems. Performance measured...
Two experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism underlying spacing effect in free-recall tasks. Participants required study a list containing once-presented words as well massed and spaced repetitions. In both experiments, presentation background at repetition was manipulated. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that free recall higher for items repeated different context than same context, whereas when context. Furthermore, shown an attenuated revealed These findings...
The testing effect (i.e., long-term memory is improved more by intermediate than restudying the information) has been studied using a variety of materials. However, almost all studies to date have used purely verbal materials such as word pairs, facts and prose passages. not yet established symbol–word pairs. In present study pairs were to-be-learned demonstrate generalisability symbol learning. results showed that there was no difference in final memory-test performance after retention...
Critical thinking is considered to be an important competence for students and graduates of higher education. Yet, it largely unclear which teaching methods are most effective in supporting the acquisition critical skills, especially regarding one aspect thinking: avoiding biased reasoning. The present study examined whether creating desirable difficulties instruction by prompting generate explanations a problem-solution themselves (i.e. self-explaining) fostering learning transfer unbiased...
Research on multimedia learning has shown that is hampered when a message includes extraneous information not relevant for the task, because processing uses up scarce attention and working memory resources. However, eye-tracking research suggests task experience might be boundary condition this negative effect of learning, people seem to learn ignore task-irrelevant over time. We therefore hypothesised no longer hamper it present series tasks, giving learners chance adapt their study...
The results reported by Kidd and Castano (2013) indicated that reading a short passage of literary fiction improves theory mind (ToM) relative to popular fiction. However, when we entered Castano’s in p-curve analysis, it turned out the evidential value their findings is low. It good practice back up analysis single paper with an adequately powered direct replication at least one studies analysis. Therefore, conducted condition from Experiment 5 scrutinize effect on ToM. this were largely...
Summary Distributed practice and retrieval are promising learning strategies to use in education. We examined the effects of these primary school vocabulary lessons. Grades 2, 3, 4, 6 children performed exercises that were part regular curriculum. For distributed manipulation, six within 1 week (short‐lag repetition) or across 2 weeks (long‐lag repetition). repetition type copied a description word (restudy) recalled (retrieval practice). At end each week, received cued‐recall test. After 11...
The Actively Open-minded Thinking scale (AOT; Stanovich & West, 2007) is a questionnaire that used to measure the disposition towards rational thinking as single psychological trait. Yet, despite its frequent use, also in abbreviated form, it still unclear whether sumscores of AOT can actually be order individuals on their actively open-minded and validly shortened. present study aimed obtain valid shorter AOT. We conducted Mokken analyses (Dutch) using two samples higher education students...
Based on cognitive psychological research, a number of theoretical frameworks have been put forward to describe the structure experts' medical knowledge and explain case-processing.To provide evidence for theory encapsulation, which states that constitutes interlinked biomedical clinical knowledge.Fourth-year students, clerks experts evaluated six case descriptions, consisting laboratory data either with or without context. For each description, participants were required study case,...
The spacing effect refers to the frequently observed finding that distributing learning across time leads better retention than massing it into one single study session. In present study, we examined whether generalises primary school vocabulary learning. To this aim, children from Grade 3 were taught meaning of 15 new words using a massed procedure and other spaced procedure. in condition divided three sets five words, each set was times sessions. condition, distributed sessions: All...
Abstract. The spacing effect refers to the finding that memory for repeated items improves when interrepetition interval increases. To explain in free-recall tasks, a two-factor model has been put forward combines mechanisms of contextual variability and study-phase retrieval (e.g., Raaijmakers, 2003 ; Verkoeijen, Rikers, & Schmidt, 2004 ). An important, yet untested, implication this is free recall repetitions should follow an inverted u-shaped relationship with spacing. demonstrate...
The spacing effect refers to the commonly observed phenomenon that memory for spaced repetitions is better than massed repetitions. In present study, we examined this in students' a lengthy expository text. Participants read text twice, either immediate succession (massed repetition), with 4-day interstudy interval (spaced short), or 3.5-weeks long). Two days after second study trial, all participants were tested. results demonstrated students spaced-short condition remembered more of...