A5020246018- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies
- Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Early Childhood Education and Development
- Topic Modeling
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Computational and Text Analysis Methods
- Media, Religion, Digital Communication
- Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Social Media and Politics
- Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Auction Theory and Applications
- Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
- Wikis in Education and Collaboration
- Research Data Management Practices
Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
2024-2025
Washington University in St. Louis
2014-2024
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
2024
Pennsylvania State University
2022
University of Arizona
2022
University of Washington
2022
University of Bamberg
2020
University of Virginia
2013-2017
Harvard University Press
2016
Many methods for reducing implicit prejudice have been identified, but little is known about their relative effectiveness. We held a research contest to experimentally compare interventions the expression of racial prejudice. Teams submitted 17 that were tested an average 3.70 times each in 4 studies (total N = 17,021), with rules revising between studies. Eight effective at preferences Whites compared Blacks, particularly ones provided experience counterstereotypical exemplars, used...
Implicit preferences are malleable, but does that change last? We tested 9 interventions (8 real and 1 sham) to reduce implicit racial over time. In 2 studies with a total of 6,321 participants, all immediately reduced preferences. However, none were effective after delay several hours days. also found these did not explicit reliably moderated by motivations respond without prejudice. Short-term malleability in necessarily lead long-term change, raising new questions about the flexibility...
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a validated tool used to measure implicit biases, which are mental associations shaped by one's environment that influence interactions with others. Direct evidence of gender biases about women in medicine has yet not been reported, but existing suggestive subtle or hidden affect medicine.To use data from IATs assess (1) how health care professionals associate men and career family (2) surgeons surgery medicine.This review cross-sectional study...
Trying to remember something now typically improves your ability it later. However, after watching a video of simulated bank robbery, participants who verbally described the robber were 25% worse at identifying in lineup than instead listed U.S. states and capitals—this has been termed “verbal overshadowing” effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). More recent studies suggested that this might be substantially smaller first reported. Given uncertainty about size, influence finding...
Abstract Implicit prejudices are social preferences that exist outside of conscious awareness or control. In this review, we summarize evidence for three mechanisms influence the expression implicit prejudice: associative change, contextual and change in control over prejudice. We then review (or lack thereof) answers to five open issues prejudice reduction research: (1) what shows effectiveness real‐world application; (2) doesn't work reduction; (3) interventions produce long‐term changes...
Most scientific research is conducted by small teams of investigators who together formulate hypotheses, collect data, conduct analyses, and report novel findings. These operate independently as vertically integrated silos. Here we argue that horizontally distributed can provide substantial complementary value, aiming to maximize available resources, promote inclusiveness transparency, increase rigor reliability. This alternative approach enables researchers tackle ambitious projects would...
Interest in unintended discrimination that can result from implicit attitudes and stereotypes (implicit biases) has stimulated many research investigations. Much of this used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure association strengths are presumed underlie biases. It had been more than a decade since last published treatment recommended best practices for using IAT measures. After an initial draft by first author, continuing through three subsequent drafts, 22 authors 14 commenters...
AbstractDisgust is linked to social evaluation. People with higher disgust sensitivity exhibit more sexual prejudice, and inducing increases prejudice. We tested whether moral elevation, the theoretical opposite of disgust, would reduce In four studies (N = 3622), we induced elevation inspiring videos then measured prejudice implicit explicit measures. Compared control that elicited no particular affective state, found reduced albeit very slightly. No effect was observed when target...
U.S. police departments have attempted to address racial inequities in policing with diversity training. However, little research has evaluated whether these trainings are effective at changing officers’ beliefs, motivations, and actions. To examine their efficacy, we tested a day-long implicit-bias-oriented training designed increase knowledge of biases, concerns about bias, use evidence-based strategies mitigate bias (total N = 3,764). The was immediately increasing intentions relative...
Using a novel technique known as network meta-analysis, we synthesized evidence from 492 studies (87,418 participants) to investigate the effectiveness of procedures in changing implicit measures, which define response biases on tasks. We also evaluated these procedures’ effects explicit and behavioral measures. found that measures can be changed, but are often relatively weak (|ds| < .30). Most focused producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures...
Implicit preferences are malleable, but does that change last? We tested 9 interventions (8 real and 1 sham) to reduce implicit racial over time. In 2 studies with a total of 6,321 participants, all immediately reduced preferences. However, none were effective after delay several hours days. also found these did not explicit reliably moderated by motivations respond without prejudice. Short-term malleability in necessarily lead long-term change, raising new questions about the flexibility stability
[Version 3 (uploaded 21 April 2020) provides corrected list of co-authors and commenters; the ms. is otherwise unchanged from Versions 1 2.] Scientific interest in unintended discrimination that can result implicit attitudes stereotypes (implicit biases) has produced a large corpus empirical findings. In addition to much evidence for validity usefulness Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures, there have been psychological critiques findings theoretical disagreements about interpretation...
The severity and pervasiveness of anti-fat prejudice discrimination have led to calls for interventions address them. However, intervention studies combat often been stymied by ineffective approaches, small sample sizes, the lack standardization in measurement. To that end, we conducted two mega-experiments totaling 27,726 participants 50 conditions where tested five approaches reduce implicit across measures. We found were most effective at reducing weight biases when they instructed people...
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was designed to measure automatically activated attitudinal associations, free of the influence processes that affect their expression. Subsequent research has shown IAT performance also is influenced by non-associative processes, but extent which these are content-specific or if they operate similarly regardless attitude being measured largely gone unexamined. In current research, participants completed pairs IATs varied in conceptual overlap: Tests...
Disparities in the treatment of Black and White Americans police stops are pernicious widespread. We examined racial disparities traffic by leveraging data on hundreds U.S. counties from Stanford Open Policing Project corresponding county-level implicit explicit attitudes Implicit research website. found that Black-White traffic-stop associated with this association is attributable to demographics: Counties a higher proportion residents had larger stops. also several poststop outcomes (e.g.,...
Most scientific research is conducted by small teams of investigators, who together formulate hypotheses, collect data, conduct analyses, and report novel findings. These operate independently, as vertically integrated silos. Here we argue that horizontally distributed can provide substantial complementary value, aiming to maximize available resources, promote inclusiveness transparency, increase rigor reliability. This alternative approach enables researchers tackle ambitious projects would...
Implicit bias change was initially assumed to reflect changes in associations, but subsequent research demonstrated that implicit can also control-oriented processes constrain the expression of associations. The present examines process-level effects 17 different bias-reduction interventions and one sham intervention by analyzing data from more than 20,000 participants who completed an condition or a baseline control followed race Association Test (IAT). To identify influenced each...
The use of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure individual differences is stymied by insufficient test–retest reliability for assessing trait-level constructs. We assess degree to which IAT measures and test method improve its validity “trait” measure: aggregating across IATs. Across three studies, participants (total n = 960) completed multiple IATs in same session or sessions. Using latent-variable models, we found that half variance scores reflects differences. Aggregating...
Implicit prejudices are social preferences that exist outside of conscious awareness or control. In this review, we summarize evidence for three mechanisms influence the expression implicit prejudice: associative change, contextual and change in control over prejudice. We then review (or lack thereof) answers to five open issues prejudice reduction research: 1) what shows effectiveness real-world application; 2) doesn’t work reduction; 3) interventions produce long-term changes prejudice; 4)...
Discrimination can occur when people fail to focus on outcome-relevant information and incorporate irrelevant demographic into decision-making. The magnitude of discrimination then depends (a) how many errors are made in judgment (b) the degree which disproportionately favor one group over another. As a result, be reduced through two routes: reducing noise-lessening total number but not changing proportion remaining that group-or bias-lessening made. Eight studies (N = 7,921) investigate...