A5065662442- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- 3D IC and TSV technologies
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
- Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
- Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
- Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Semiconductor materials and devices
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Optical Systems and Laser Technology
- Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis
Cosine (Netherlands)
2017-2024
Huygens Institute for History and Culture of the Netherlands
2020-2021
Leiden University
2020-2021
Technical University of Denmark
2019-2020
European Space Research and Technology Centre
2020
Université Paris-Saclay
2019
Institut d’Optique Graduate School
2019
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2019
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2019
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2019
Athena, the largest space-based x-ray telescope to be flown by European Space Agency, uses a revolutionary new modular technology assemble its 2.6 m diameter lens. The lens will consist of several hundreds smaller lenslets, called mirror modules, which each about 70 pairs. Those modules are arranged in circles large optics structure and focus photons with an energy 0.5 10 keV at distance 12 onto detectors Athena. point-spread function (PSF) optic shall achieve half-energy width (HEW) 5" 1...
The re-formulation phase of the next generation x-ray observatory ATHENA (Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics) – now NewATHENA - is being utilized further improvements optics technology. Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) remains technology choice, since it uniquely combines a low mass, large effective area, and good angular resolution, addressing challenge X-ray optics. performance preparation cost-effective implementation flight evolved in joint effort by industry, research institutions...
Silicon Pore Optics (SPO), developed at cosine with the European Space Agency (ESA) and several academic industrial partners, provides lightweight, yet stiff, high-resolution x-ray optics. This technology enables ATHENA to reach an unprecedentedly large effective area in 0.2 - 12 keV band angular resolution better than 5''. After developing for 50 m 20 focal length, this year has witnessed first length mirror modules being produced. The development is also gaining momentum three different...
Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) has been established as a new type of x-ray optics that enables future observatories such Athena. SPO is being developed at cosine with the European Space Agency (ESA) and academic industrial partners. The modules are lightweight, yet stiff, high-resolution optics, shall allow missions to reach an unprecedentedly large effective area several square meters, operating in 0.2 - 12 keV band angular resolution better than 5 arc seconds. In this paper we going discuss...
As part of the ongoing effort to optimize throughput Athena optics we have produced mirrors with a state-of-the-art cleaning process.We report on studies related importance photolithographic process.Pre-coating characterization has shown and still shows photoresist remnants SiO 2rib bonding zones, which influences quality metallic coating ultimately mirror performance.The size is order 10 nm about half thickness final coating.An improved process been developed including O 2 plasma in remove...
Athena is the European Space Agency's next flagship telescope, scheduled for launch in 2030s.Its 2.5 m diameter mirror will be segmented and comprise more than 600 individual Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) modules.Arranged concentric annuli following a Wolter-Schwartzschild design, modules are made of several tens grazing incidence primary-secondary pairs, each silicon, coated to increase effective area system, shaped bring incoming photons common focus 12 away.The mission aims deliver...
Silicon pore optics are a new type of high-performance x-ray designed to enable future space-borne observatories such as European Space Agency’s Athena. These will make it possible build telescopes with effective areas the order few square meters and angular resolutions better than 5 s arc. During manufacturing optics, thin film metallic coatings sputtered onto mirror plates help achieve this large area. Then, these stacked on top each other using direct silicon bonding shape an approximate...
Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) uses commercially available monocrystalline double-sided super-polished silicon wafers as a basis to produce mirrors that form lightweight and stiff high-resolution x-ray optics. The technology has been invented by cosine the European Space Agency (ESA) developed together with scientific industrial partners mass production levels. SPO is an enabling element for large space-based telescopes such Athena ARCUS, operating in 0.2 12 keV band, angular resolution...
Silicon Pore Optics is the X-ray mirror technology selected for European Space Agency's Athena observatory. We describe testing and characterization cycle that optics are subjected to at PTB's Pencil/Paraller Beam Facility (XPBF) 1 2 beamlines synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II. Individual stacks measured with a pencil beam determine their optical quality orientation of axis. Using metrics based on manufacturing metrology, then paired in primary-secondary Wolter-I-like systems, turn...
We present an experimental examination of iridium and boron carbide thin-film coatings for the purpose fabricating x-ray optics. use a combination reflectometry photoelectron spectroscopy to model structure, composition, density, thickness, micro-roughness thin films. demonstrate in our analyses how two characterization techniques are complementary, from this we derive that overlayer originating atmospheric contamination with thickness between 1.0–1.6 nm is on surface. The magnetron...
ATHENA, the largest space-based X-ray telescope to be flown by European Space Agency, uses a new modular technology assemble its 2.5 m diameter lens.The lens will consist of several hundreds smaller lenslets, called mirror modules, which each up 76 stacked pairs.Those modules are arranged in circles large optics structure and focus photons with an energy 0.5 10 keV at distance 12 onto detectors ATHENA.The point-spread function (PSF) shall achieve half-energy width (HEW) 5", effective area...
Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) is a technology that makes it possible to build light-weight x-ray optics modules from silicon mirror plates using semiconductor industry and custom robots. By combining large number of modules, the solves problem aperture segmentation achieves collecting area with consistently high optical quality. Additionally, SPO highly adaptable can be optimized for new applications beyond Athena mission. Several have already been proposed SPO, including Arcus Probe, candidate...
With the endorsement of NewAthena (New Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics) mission by ESA's Science Programme Committee in November 2023, preparations this next generation X-ray observatory have shifted to a higher gear. Competitive system studies and technology preparation activities are being implemented, aiming demonstrate readiness adoption early 2027 subsequent implementation. <br/> The Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) enables mission, delivering an unprecedented combination good...
We present the latest progress on industrial scale coating facility for Advanced Telescope High-ENergy Astrophysics (ATHENA) mission. The has been successfully commissioned and tested, completing an important milestone in preparation of Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) production capability. qualified by depositing iridium boron carbide thin films different configurations under various process conditions including pre-coating in-system plasma cleaning. were characterized with X-Ray Reectometry...
The Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics, Athena, selected as the European Space Agency's second large-mission, is based on novel Silicon Pore Optics X-ray mirror technology. DTU has been working several years development of multilayer coatings in an effort to optimize throughput Athena optics. A linearly graded Ir/B4C deposited mirrors, via direct current magnetron sputtering technique, at Space. This specific multilayer, through simulations, demonstrated produce highest...
As part of the thin film development for Athena X-ray telescope and optics in general, we investigated residual stress iridium chromium films deposited using direct current magnetron sputtering. Residual stresses can affect performance adhesion properties fabricated coated optics. We characterized reflectometry to determine thicknesses stylus profilometry stresses. To counterbalance compressive identified films, introduced a layer which is tensile beneath film. However, are known exhibit...
We present an experimental, self-consistent determination of the optical constants (refractive index) Pt using a combination photoabsorption and reflectance data in photon energy range 25–778 eV, which includes N- O-shell electronic absorption edges Pt. compare our new experimental values with constant sets from literature. Our reveal highly resolved absorption-edge fine structure around O2,3 N6,7 both absorptive dispersive portions refractive index, were missing earlier
Excellent X-ray reflective mirror coatings are key in order to meet the performance requirements of ATHENA telescope. The baseline coating design was initially formed by Ir/B4C but extensive studies have identified critical issues with stability B4C top layer which shows strong evolution over time and appears incompatible industrialization processes required for production modules. Motivated need a compatible material improve telescope at low energies based on simulated performance, SiC has...
Silicon Pore Optic (SPO) is the X-ray mirror technology selected for Athena observatory. The optic modular; in current design, it made of about 700 co-aligned modules. SPO produced as stacks 35 plates, which are then paired to form Optics Units (XOUs) following a modified Wolter I geometry. A module composed two confocal XOUs bonded between pair brackets allowing interfacing structure. Mirror modules assembled using XPBF 2.0 beamline PTB at synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II, pencil...
The thin film coating technology for the European Space Agency mission, Advanced Telescope High-Energy Astrophysics (Athena) has been established. X-ray optics of Athena telescope is based on Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) which enhanced by coatings deposited reflective surface SPO plates. In this work, we present a literature study process parameter space and provide an overview properties with focus micro roughness, chemical composition wear resistance when under various conditions. We...
The Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology has been established as a new type of X-ray optics enabling future observatories such ATHENA. SPO is being developed at cosine together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and academic well industrial partners. modules are lightweight, yet stiff, high-resolution optics, allowing missions to reach large effective area several square meters. These properties mainly linked mirror plates consisting mono-crystalline silicon. rigid, relatively low density,...
Abstract We have designed and modeled a novel optical system composed of Laue lens coupled to an x-ray tube that produces focused beam in energy range near 100 keV ( λ = 12.4 picometer). One application this is radiation therapy where it could enable treatment units are considerably simpler lower cost than present technologies relying on linear accelerators. The made Silicon components which exploit the silicon pore optics technology. concentrates photons small region thus allowing high dose...
The mirror coatings for the Athena X-ray telescope assumes Ir/SiC bilayer thin films as a baseline design. Adding soft overcoat to Ir optics is used improve low energy performance necessary achieve effective area requirements. based on silicon pore technology, which manufacturing process involves sequence of wet chemical and thermal post-coating treatments plates. Establishing compatibility film material candidates following exposure these processes critical mission since specific coating...
The mirror modules composing Athena's X-ray optics are made with the Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology. SPO is produced as stacks of 38 plates, which paired to form Units (XOUs) following a modified Wolter I geometry. In current design, module composed two confocal XOUs glued in between pair brackets that freeze configuration and provide interfaces structure. Mirror assembled at XPBF2 beamline PTB synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II, using dedicated jigs. this paper we present latest...