A5070930994- Infection Control and Ventilation
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Disaster Response and Management
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2015-2023
National Institutes of Health
2015-2023
United States Department of Homeland Security
2020-2023
Battelle
2020-2023
Tulane University
2020
University of Pittsburgh
2020
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
2020
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
2020
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
2016
Southern Research Institute
2012-2013
We aerosolized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and determined that its dynamic aerosol efficiency surpassed those of Middle East syndrome. Although we performed experiment only once across several laboratories, our findings suggest retained infectivity virion integrity for up to 16 hours in respirable-sized aerosols.
Aerosols represent a potential transmission route of COVID-19. This study examined effect simulated sunlight, relative humidity, and suspension matrix on stability SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols. Simulated sunlight significantly affected decay rate the virus. Relative humidity alone did not affect rate; however, minor interactions between other factors were observed. Mean rates (± SD) saliva, under levels representative late winter/early fall summer 0.121 ± 0.017 min-1 (90% loss, 19 minutes) 0.306...
Recent evidence suggests that respiratory aerosols may play a role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated simulated sunlight inactivated and on surfaces. In present study, we extend these findings to include persistence across range temperature, humidity, levels using an environmentally controlled rotating drum aerosol chamber. The results demonstrate sunlight, humidity are all significant factors influencing infectious...
The emergent coronavirus, designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a zoonotic pathogen that has demonstrated remarkable transmissibility in the human population and etiological agent of current global pandemic called COVID-19 1 . We measured dynamic (short-term) aerosol efficiencies SARS-CoV-2 compared with two other emerging coronaviruses, SARS-CoV (emerged 2002) Middle Eastern CoV (MERS-CoV; emerged starting 2012). also quantified long-term persistence...
While evidence exists supporting the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, infectious dose by inhalation remains unknown. In present study, probability infection following SARS-CoV-2 was dose-dependent in a nonhuman primate model inhalational COVID-19. The median dose, assessed seroconversion, 52 TCID50 (95% CI: 23-363 TCID50), and significantly lower than fever (256 TCID50, 95% 102-603 resulting group animals that developed an immune response post-exposure but did not develop or...
Numerous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can be inactivated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, there are few data available on the relative efficacy of different wavelengths UV radiation and visible light, which complicates assessments decontamination interventions. The present study evaluated effects monochromatic at 16 from 222 nm through 488 in liquid aliquots dried droplets water simulated saliva. were used to generate a set action spectra quantify susceptibility genome...
Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus (genus Henipavirus) that emerged in the late 1990s Malaysia and has since been identified as cause of sporadic outbreaks severe febrile disease Bangladesh India. NiV infection frequently associated with respiratory or neurological infected humans transmission to through inhalation, contact consumption contaminated foods. In work presented here, development was investigated African Green Monkey (AGM) model following intratracheal (IT) and, for first time,...
The pathogenesis and immune response to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by a recently discovered coronavirus, MERS-CoV, have not been fully characterized because suitable animal model is currently available. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as longitudinal noninvasive approach can be beneficial in providing biomarkers for host response. [18F]-FDG uptake increased activated cells virus entry localized PET imaging. We...
Nipah virus (NiV) infection can lead to severe respiratory or neurological disease in humans. Transmission of NiV has been shown occur through contact with contaminated fomites consumption food. Previous results using the African green monkey (AGM) model identified aspects that, while similar humans, don't fully recapitulate disease. studies also demonstrate near uniform lethality that is not consistent human infection. In these studies, aerosol exposure an intermediate particle size (7μm)...
Abstract Background Our laboratory previously examined the influence of environmental conditions on stability an early isolate SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19/USA/WA-1/2020) in aerosols generated from culture medium or simulated saliva. However, genetic differences have emerged among lineages, and it is possible that these may affect potential for aerosol transmission. Methods The temperature, relative humidity, sunlight decay 4 isolates aerosols, including 1 belonging to recently B.1.1.7 lineage, were...
Bacillus anthracis is a zoonotic organism that causes the disease anthrax due to activity of virulence factors harbored on plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. Inhalation B. spores results in pneumonic progresses quickly, often lethality absence medical countermeasure (MCM) intervention. Recently, reports have identified cereus isolates possess pXO2-like cause an anthrax-like disease. These been named biovar , or Bcbva. To evaluate course Bcbva, inhalational median lethal dose (INHLD 50 ) was determined...
Aerosol aerodynamic particle size is known to affect deposition patterns of inhaled aerosol particles, as well the virulence bioaerosol particles. While a significant amount work has been performed describe particles in human respiratory tract, only limited tract nonhuman primates, an animal model commonly utilized pharmacological and toxicological studies, especially biodefense field. In this study, anesthetized rhesus macaques radiolabeled aerosols with MMADs 1.7, 3.6, 7.4 11.8 µm...
Influenza results in up to 500,000 deaths annually. Seasonal influenza vaccines have an estimated 60% effectiveness, but provide little or no protection against novel subtypes, and may be less protective high-risk groups. Neuraminidase inhibitors are recommended for the treatment of severe infection, not proven reduce mortality disease. Preclinical models infection that closely correlate human disease needed assess efficacy new therapeutics. We developed a nonhuman primate model bacterial...
Abstract Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging associated with outbreaks of acute respiratory disease and encephalitis. To develop a neurological model for NiV infection, we exposed 6 adult African green monkeys to large-particle (approximately 12 μm) aerosol containing (Malaysian isolate). Brain magnetic resonance images were obtained at baseline, every 3 days after exposure 2 weeks, then weekly until week 8 exposure. Four six animals showed abnormalities reminiscent human in brain images....
Influenza continues to cause widespread disease and death during winter months. In preclinical studies evaluate the potential efficacy of drugs vaccines, influenza challenge virus is usually instilled into noses animals in form large liquid drops. Since inhalation aerosolized commonly associated with human transmission, instillation raises uncertainty about applicability results. order compare methods, we established conditions generate aerosols a mass median aerodynamic diameter 1 µm that...
For inhalational studies and aerosol exposures to viruses, head-out plethysmography acquisition has been traditionally used for the determination of estimated inhaled dose in anesthetized nonhuman primates prior or during an exposure. A pressure drop across a pneumotachograph is measured within sealed chamber inspiration/exhalation primate, generating respiratory values breathing frequencies. Due fluctuation depth anesthesia, pre-exposure can be variable, leading less precise accurate dosing...
Current molecular tests that identify infection with high-consequence viruses such as Ebola virus and Marburg are based on the detection of material in blood. These do not undergo significant early replication blood and, instead, replicate organs liver spleen. Thus, begins to accumulate only after has already occurred those organs, making viremia an indicator initial stages have become established. Here, we show a multianalyte assay can correctly infectious agent nonhuman primates (NHPs)...
As the COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have arisen, with several displaying increased transmissibility.
The genus Ebolavirus contains multiple species of viruses that are highly contagious and lethal, often causing severe hemorrhagic fever. To minimize the global threat from Ebola virus disease (EVD), sustainable, field-appropriate tools needed to quickly screen triage symptomatic patients conduct rapid screening cadavers ensure proper handling human remains. OraQuick® Rapid Antigen Test is an in vitro diagnostic single-use immunoassay for qualitative detection antigens detects all known...
Significant evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via respiratory aerosols, which are known to vary as a function of activity. Most animal models examine disease presentation following inhalation small-particle aerosols similar those generated during quiet breathing or speaking. However, despite particle size influence dose-infectivity relationships and for other microorganisms, no studies have examined the infectivity contained in larger produced coughing, singing, talking....
Advanced medical imaging such as single photon emission computed tomography with (SPECT/CT) enhances fields oncology and cardiology. Application of SPECT/CT, magnetic resonance imaging, positron to infectious disease may enhance pathogenesis studies provide alternate biomarkers progression. The experiments described in this article focus on insertion a SPECT/CT-compatible reporter gene into MERS-CoV demonstrate that functional SPECT/CT can be inserted virus.
Aerosol droplets or particles produced from infected respiratory secretions have the potential to infect another host through inhalation. These can be polydisperse and range 0.05 500 µm in diameter. Animal models of infection are generally established facilitate licensure candidate prophylactics and/or therapeutics. Consequently, aerosol-based animal needed properly study counter airborne infections. Ideally, experimental aerosol exposure should reliably result disease that faithfully...
We previously demonstrated that small-particle (0.5-3.0 µm) aerosol infection of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with cowpox virus (CPXV)-Brighton Red (BR) results in fulminant respiratory tract disease characterized by severe lung parenchymal pathology but only limited systemic dissemination and classic epidermal pox-like lesion development (Johnson et al., 2015). Based on these results, to further develop CPXV as an improved model human smallpox, we evaluated a novel large-particle...