Improving the solubility of polysubstituted 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives was achieved by introducing nitrogen in two different positions naphthoquinone core, at C-5 and C-8 menadione through a two-step, straightforward synthesis based on regioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction. The antimalarial antischistosomal activities these aza-1,4-naphthoquinone were evaluated led to selection distinct compounds for versus action. Ag(II)-assisted oxidative radical decarboxylation phenyl acetic...

Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma spp. is a serious public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Praziquantel the only drug currently administrated to treat this disease. However, praziquantel-resistant parasites have been identified endemic areas and can be generated laboratory. Therefore, it essential find new therapeutics. Antioxidants are appealing targets. In order survive their hosts, schistosomes challenged reactive oxygen species from intrinsic extrinsic sources....

Abstract Background Unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is simpler and safer than sedated EGD; however, approximately 40% of patients cannot tolerate it. Early identification likely to poorly unsedated EGD valuable for improving compliance. The modified Mallampati classification (MMC) has been used evaluate difficult tracheal intubation laryngoscope insertion. We tried assess the efficacy MMC predict tolerance in patients. Methods Two hundred who underwent an diagnostic were...

Background: Aspiration pneumonia is the most common cause of death in patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding. This study aimed to compare PEG versus NGT feeding regarding risk pneumonia, according severity pooling secretions pharyngolaryngeal region. Methods: Patients were stratified by observation region: control group (<25% filling pyriform sinus), pharyngeal (25–100% laryngeal (pooling entering vestibule). Demographic data, swallowing...

Investigations regarding the chemistry and mechanism of action 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (or menadione) derivatives revealed 3‐phenoxymethyl menadiones as a novel anti‐schistosomal chemical series. These newly synthesized compounds ( 1 – 7 ) their difluoromethylmenadione counterparts 8 , 9 were found to be potent specific inhibitors Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin‐glutathione reductase Sm TGR ), which has been identified potential target for drugs. The also tested in enzymic assays using...

Gilbert's syndrome causes pharmacological variation in drug glucuronidation and unexpected toxicity from therapeutic agents. The two common genotypes of are a dinucleotide polymorphism (TA)7 TATA-Box as well the 211G>A mutation coding exon 1, particularly Asians, human UGT1A1 gene. In this study, we aimed to establish an effective method detect mutation.The 1 sequence gene was analysed by Vector NTI software. determined restriction fragment length (RFLP) method. Serum total bilirubin level...

Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is designed for identifying possible small bowel lesions with balloon-assisted that allows deep intubation of the intestine. However, data regarding outcome and safety SBE remain limited. We conducted this study to evaluate anterograde retrograde approaches. This retrospective review from a tertiary medical center in Taiwan included endoscopic reports chart 128 patients 200 procedures September 2009 November 2014. In study, most common indication both was...

Colonic angiodysplasia (AGD) is a common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. However, information on the characteristics and prevalence colonic AGD limited. We determined clinical features risk factors for active bleeding in Taiwanese population.From February 2007 to December 2016, 13,047 patients undergoing 16,760 colonoscopies at Tri-Service General Hospital were included this study. Eighty-four diagnosed with AGD. conducted retrospective study by analyzing medical records these patients....

The aim of this study is to evaluate the role hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).On basis a retrospective review medical records, all consecutively diagnosed PBC or HCV between 1999 and 2011 who had regular follow-up at least 3 years were included study. Clinical characteristics, especially severity cirrhosis, analyzed (PBC-HCV), without (PBC-only), only (HCV-only).A total 76 PBC, including 9 infection, analyzed. Of PBC-HCV patients, 7 (7/9,...

Summary Background Esophageal candidiasis (EC) often occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients, but is uncommon non‐HIV‐infected patients. It known that malignancy, diabetes mellitus, previous gastric surgery, and medications (antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, steroids) are risk factors for esophageal However, the relationship between liver cirrhosis was unclear. This study aimed to elucidate role of candidiasis. Methods A retrospective chart review conducted on...

Sialic acid synthase (NeuB) encoded by the neuB gene catalyzes condensation of N-acetylmannosamine and phospho(enol)pyruvate to form N-acetylneuraminic acid. The enzyme is essential for biosynthesis polysialic acid, a capsular sugar polymer functioning as virulent factor antiphagocytic barrier. This report demonstrates first characterization on quaternary structure NeuB from Escherichia coli (EcNeuB) Streptococcus agalactiae (SaNeuB) nanoflow electrospray ionization mass spectrometry...

Background and Objectives: Aspiration pneumonia is a major cause of death in patients on nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding. This study aimed to evaluate the oropharyngeal dysphagia stratify risk undergoing NGT Methods Study Design: The included feeding who underwent UGI endoscopy at Tri- Service General Hospital, Taiwan. Endoscopy was performed examine pharyngolaryngeal region. severity evaluated according visualized amount location pooling secretions region; 60 showed absent or minimal...

Abstract Background Aspiration pneumonia is the most common cause of death in patients who undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). This study aims to evaluate severity oropharyngeal dysphagia and predict risk such patients, using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods Endoscope examined pharyngolaryngeal region underwent PEG. The was evaluated according amount location pooling secretions region. Overall, 55 showed absent or minimal (control group), 10 moderate‐to‐large amounts...

Abstract Activated hepatic stellate cells promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Hepatic play a key role in retinoid metabolism, and activation of increases retinoic acid (RA) the liver. However, RA HCC proliferation remains unclear. We aimed to analyse mechanism proliferation. Thirty‐eight patients who had undergone resection for HCCs were recruited. Paired non‐tumour tissues, adjacent distal HCCs, collected, levels tissues analysed. The mechanisms assessed liver cancer cell...