A5065634870- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- CAR-T cell therapy research
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
2016-2025
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)
2008-2021
United States Military Academy
2005-2015
Emory University
2003-2014
George Washington University
2012
The Bronx Defenders
2009
HOPE Clinic
2008
Emory National Primate Research Center
2006-2008
Emory Healthcare
2003-2007
Winship Cancer Institute
2005-2006
Considerable controversy and uncertainty have surrounded the biological function of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 nef gene product. Initial studies suggested that this early, nonstructural viral protein functioned as a negative regulatory factor; thus, it was proposed to play role in establishing or maintaining latency. In contrast, Simian (SIV)mac-infected rhesus monkeys Nef is not factor but rather plays central promoting high-level replication required for pathogenesis vivo. We...
Cotransfection of cDNA encoding the trans-activator gene product human T-cell leukemia virus, type I (HTLV-I) (tat-I), which acts in trans to augment viral expression, has revealed strong regulatory effects this protein on inducible cellular promoters governing interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-2 receptor (Tac) expression. The tat-I stimulates a 3- 6-fold increase promoter activity transfected Jurkat T cells, but not natural killer-like YT cell line, as measured by changes expression...
The mechanism of Tat transactivation was studied by treating cell lines containing Tat-defective viruses with purified protein. These constitutively produce very low levels virus in the absence Tat, as measured p24 antigen levels. Virus production can be increased greater than 30,000-fold adding exogenous Tat. addition increases mRNA early viral life cycle, and is required for Rev function to become evident. There no evidence a translational effect Nuclear run-on experiments show that...
The safety and efficacy of vaccines to prevent Ebola virus disease (EVD) were unknown when the incidence EVD was peaking in Liberia.We initiated a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) recombinant vesicular stomatitis (rVSV∆G-ZEBOV-GP) Liberia. A 2 subtrial embedded evaluate immunogenicity. Because declined Liberia, component expanded eliminated.A total 1500 adults underwent randomization followed for 12 months. median age participants 30...
While the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a scientific triumph, need remains for globally available vaccine that provides longer-lasting immunity against present and future SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOCs). Here, we describe DCFHP, ferritin-based, protein-nanoparticle candidate that, when formulated with aluminum hydroxide as sole adjuvant (DCFHP-alum), elicits potent durable neutralizing antisera in non-human primates known VOCs, including Omicron BQ.1, well SARS-CoV-1....
Little is known about the factors that govern level of HIV-1 replication in infected individuals. Recent studies (using potent antiviral drugs) kinetics vivo have demonstrated steady-state levels viremia are sustained by continuous rounds de novo infection and associated rapid turnover CD4+ T lymphocytes. However, no information available concerning biologic variables determine size pool cells susceptible to virus or amount produced from cells. Furthermore, it not whether all lymphocytes...
Some individuals in well-defined cohorts have now been infected with HIV-1 for well over a decade and yet remain clinically asymptomatic normal CD4 counts. To determine immunologic virologic parameters these individuals, we examined 10 persons from the San Francisco City Clinic firmly documented infection of 11-15 years duration who had maintained stable counts above 500 cells/microliters. Our results indicate that long-term nonprogressors are heterogeneous group respect to viral load...
Abstract Although vigorous activated and memory CTL have been associated with HIV-1 infection, data are lacking regarding the breadth of epitopes recognized in a given individual relationship to viral quasispecies present vivo. In this study we performed detailed analysis HIV-1-specific response seropositive person documented infection 15 yr duration, stable CD4 counts above 500 cells/ml, load persistently below molecules RNA/ml plasma. Epitope mapping studies revealed presence HLA class...
African green monkeys can maintain long-term persistent infection with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVagm) without developing AIDS and thus provide an important model for understanding mechanisms of natural host resistance to disease. This study assessed the levels anatomic distribution SIVagm in healthy, naturally infected monkeys. Quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase PCR assays developed measure from two monkey subspecies demonstrated high SIV RNA plasma (>6 x 10(6)...
Abstract The immunodeficiency that follows HIV infection is related to the virus-mediated killing of infected CD4+ T cells, chronic activation immune system, and impairment cell production. In this study we show in HIV-infected individuals loss IL-7R (CD127) expression defines expansion a subset CD8+ specific for as well other Ags, phenotypic (i.e., CCR7 CD62 ligand with enrichment activated and/or proliferating cells) functional production IFN-γ, but not IL-2, decreased ex vivo...
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potently stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1-long terminal repeat (HIV-1-LTR) CAT constructs transfected into monocyte/macrophage-like cell lines but not a T line. This effect appears to be mediated through the induction of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that LPS induces DNA binding activity indistinguishable from NF-kappa in U937 and THP-1 cells. is also shown dramatically increase HIV-1 production...
To understand how natural sooty mangabey hosts avoid AIDS despite high levels of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVsm replication, we inoculated mangabeys and nonnatural rhesus macaque with an identical inoculum uncloned SIVsm. The unpassaged established infection high-level viral replication in both macaques mangabeys. A species-specific, divergent immune response to SIV was evident from the first days maintained chronic phase, showing immediate persistent T-cell proliferation, whereas...
Stable expression of the 40-kDa transactivator protein (Tax) from type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) in Jurkat T cells leads to activation and sustained certain cellular genes that are transiently induced during normal growth. Cellular by Tax include those encoding alpha subunit high-affinity interleukin 2 receptor (Tac), 2, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. induction gene is synergistically amplified mitogens augment cytoplasmic levels calcium. These changes pattern...