Martha Nason
A5052456314- HIV Research and Treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2015-2024
National Institutes of Health
2015-2024
University of Rochester
2021
Unity Health System
2021
Columbia University
2021
Johns Hopkins University
2021
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2021
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
2021
New York University
2021
Karolinska Institutet
2021
Cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are found in the sera of many HIV-1-infected individuals, but virologic basis their neutralization remains poorly understood. We used knowledge HIV-1 envelope structure to develop antigenically resurfaced glycoproteins specific for structurally conserved site initial CD4 receptor binding. These probes were identify with NAbs CD4-binding (CD4bs) and isolate individual B cells from such an donor. By expressing immunoglobulin genes cells, we...
Vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed. The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines on viral replication in both upper and lower airways is important evaluate nonhuman primates. Nonhuman primates received 10 or 100 μg mRNA-1273, a vaccine encoding the prefusion-stabilized spike protein SARS-CoV-2, no vaccine. Antibody T-cell responses were assessed before upper- lower-airway challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Active genomes...
Chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with intestinal permeability and microbial translocation that contributes to systemic immune activation, which an independent predictor of HIV disease progression. The association clinical outcome remains unknown.This nested case-control study included 74 subjects who died, 120 whom developed cardiovascular 81 AIDS during the Strategies for Management Anti-Retroviral Therapy (SMART) matched control subjects. Intestinal fatty...
Abstract Polychromatic flow cytometry results in complex, multivariate datasets. To date, tools for the aggregate analysis of these datasets across multiple specimens grouped by different categorical variables, such as demographic information, have not been optimized. Often, exploration is accomplished visualization patterns with pie charts or bar charts, without easy access to statistical comparisons measurements that comprise components. Here we report on algorithms and a graphical...
Consistent, high-level, vaccine-induced protection against human malaria has only been achieved by inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) mosquito bites. We report that the PfSPZ Vaccine--composed attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ--was safe and well tolerated when administered four to six times intravenously (IV) 40 adults. Zero subjects receiving five doses three nine 1.35 × 10(5) Vaccine nonvaccinated controls developed after controlled infection (P =...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations may diminish vaccine-induced protective immune responses, particularly as antibody titers wane over time. Here, we assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.429 (Epsilon), B.1.526 (Iota), and B.1.617.2 (Delta) on binding, neutralizing, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2)–competing antibodies elicited by messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine mRNA-1273 7 months. Cross-reactive...
A DNA vaccine candidate for Zika The ongoing epidemic in the Americas and Caribbean urgently needs a protective vaccine. Two vaccines composed of genes that encode structural premembrane envelope proteins virus have been tested monkeys. Dowd et al. show two doses given intramuscularly completely protected 17 18 animals against challenge. single low dose was not but did reduce viral loads. Protection correlated with serum antibody neutralizing activity. Phase I clinical trials testing these...
BackgroundThe safety and efficacy of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine in a large, diverse population at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection United States, Chile, Peru has not been known.MethodsIn this ongoing, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial, we investigated safety, efficacy, immunogenicity two doses as compared with placebo preventing onset symptomatic disease 2019 (Covid-19) 15 days or more...
Antibodies to the prefusion conformation of RSV F glycoprotein neutralize natural infection.
Many immune correlates of CD8+ T-cell-mediated control HIV replication, including polyfunctionality, proliferative ability, and inhibitory receptor expression, have been discovered. However, no functional using ex vivo cells identified with the known ability to cause direct elimination HIV-infected cells. We recently discovered human T-cells rapidly upregulate perforin—an essential molecule for cell-mediated cytotoxicity—following antigen-specific stimulation. Here, we examined perforin...
ABSTRACT Induction of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (NAb) is an important goal for a prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. Some HIV-infected patients make NAb response that reacts with diverse strains HIV-1, but most candidate vaccines have induced only against subset highly sensitive isolates. To better understand the nature broad responses arise during natural infection, we screened sera able to neutralize HIV and explored frequency phenotype...
ABSTRACT Induction of antibodies that neutralize a broad range human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates is major goal vaccine development. To study natural examples neutralization, we analyzed sera from 103 HIV-1-infected subjects. Among progressor patients, 20% neutralized more than 75% panel 20 diverse viral isolates. Little activity was observed in long-term nonprogressors (elite controllers). Breadth neutralization correlated with load, but not CD4 count, history past...
It is widely appreciated that effective human vaccines directed against viral pathogens elicit neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The passive transfer of anti-HIV-1 NAbs conferring sterilizing immunity to macaques has been used determine the plasma neutralization titers, which must be present at time exposure, prevent acquisition SIV/HIV chimeric virus (SHIV) infections. We administered five recently isolated potent and broadly acting anti-HIV monoclonal (mAbs) rhesus challenged them...
Immune correlates of protection can be used as surrogate endpoints for vaccine efficacy. Here, nonhuman primates (NHPs) received either no or doses ranging from 0.3 to 100 μg the mRNA-1273 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. vaccination elicited circulating and mucosal antibody responses in a dose-dependent manner. Viral replication was significantly reduced bronchoalveolar lavages nasal swabs after SARS-CoV-2 challenge vaccinated animals most strongly...
Building a better RSV vaccine Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory disease, especially in infants and the elderly. However, attempts to produce effective human vaccines have largely been unsuccessful. Structure-based design has used generate an fusion glycoprotein stabilized its prefusion conformation (DS-Cav1). This immunogen is highly mice macaques. Crank et al. now report results of phase I clinical trial using DS-Cav1 molecule. Four weeks after immunization, these...
Over the past 5 years, a new generation of highly potent and broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies has been identified. These can protect against lentiviral infection in nonhuman primates (NHPs), suggesting that passive antibody transfer would prevent transmission humans. To increase protective efficacy such monoclonal antibodies, we employed next-generation sequencing, computational bioinformatics, structure-guided design to enhance neutralization potency breadth VRC01, an targets CD4...
Significance A highly effective malaria vaccine capable of long-term protection against genetically diverse strains is urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate that a three-dose regimen live attenuated whole-parasite conferred durable sterile through 33 weeks in ∼50% subjects controlled human infection strain heterologous to the strain. Prior studies by others and us have shown T cells are critical mediating after live-attenuated vaccination. provide evidence this Plasmodium falciparum...
The safety and efficacy of vaccines to prevent Ebola virus disease (EVD) were unknown when the incidence EVD was peaking in Liberia.We initiated a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) recombinant vesicular stomatitis (rVSV∆G-ZEBOV-GP) Liberia. A 2 subtrial embedded evaluate immunogenicity. Because declined Liberia, component expanded eliminated.A total 1500 adults underwent randomization followed for 12 months. median age participants 30...
Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 envelope protect more effectively than an antibody the CD4 cell receptor in rhesus macaques.
Serum characterization and antibody isolation are transforming our understanding of the humoral immune response to viral infection. Here, we show that epitope specificities HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies in serum can be elucidated from pattern neutralization against a diverse panel HIV-1 isolates. We determined "neutralization fingerprints" for 30 neutralizing on 34 strains showed similarity fingerprint correlated with epitope. used these fingerprints delineate polyclonal sera 24...