A5046579056- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Malaria Research and Control
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Bartonella species infections research
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Insect Utilization and Effects
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Study of Mite Species
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Beetle Biology and Toxicology Studies
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science
2016-2024
United States Army Medical Command
2024
United States Military Academy
2020-2022
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
2013-2020
Carol I National Defence University
2020
Naval Medical Research Command
2018
United States Army
2018
Colorado State University
2007
Consistent, high-level, vaccine-induced protection against human malaria has only been achieved by inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) mosquito bites. We report that the PfSPZ Vaccine--composed attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ--was safe and well tolerated when administered four to six times intravenously (IV) 40 adults. Zero subjects receiving five doses three nine 1.35 × 10(5) Vaccine nonvaccinated controls developed after controlled infection (P =...
BACKGROUND: A radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) malaria vaccine, PfSPZ Vaccine, protected 6 of subjects (100%) against homologous Pf (same strain as in the vaccine) controlled human infection (CHMI) 3 weeks after 5 doses administered intravenously. The next step was to assess protective efficacy heterologous (different from vaccine), fewer doses, and at 24 weeks. METHODS: trial assessed tolerability, safety, immunogenicity, direct venous inoculation (DVI) or...
Background. Three full doses of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine provides partial protection against controlled human parasite infection (CHMI) and natural exposure. Immunization regimens, including a delayed fractional third dose, were assessed for potential increased immunologic responses. Methods. In phase 2a, controlled, open-label, study healthy malaria-naive adults, 16 subjects vaccinated with 0-, 1-, 2-month full-dose regimen (012M) 30 who received 7-month regimen, dose (Fx017M), underwent...
Abstract Malaria liver stages represent an ideal therapeutic target with a bottleneck in parasite load and reduced clinical symptoms; however, current vitro pre-erythrocytic (PE) models for Plasmodium vivax P . falciparum lack the efficiency necessary rapid identification effective evaluation of new vaccines drugs, especially targeting late liver-stage development hypnozoites. Herein we report 384-well plate culture system using commercially available materials, including cryopreserved...
Hypnozoites are the liver stage non-dividing form of malaria parasite that responsible for relapse and acts as a natural reservoir human Plasmodium vivax P. ovale well phylogenetically related simian cynomolgi. Our understanding hypnozoite biology remains limited due to technical challenge requiring use primary hepatocytes lack robust predictive in vitro models. In this study, we developed model using 3D spheroid-cultured hepatocytes. The infection suspension led increased infectivity both...
Novel vector control methods that can directly target outdoor malaria transmission are urgently needed in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) to accelerate elimination and artemisinin resistance containment efforts. Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) humans has been shown effectively kill wild Anopheles suppress West Africa. Preliminary laboratory investigations were performed determine ivermectin susceptibility sporontocidal effect GMS vectors coupled with pharmacokinetic models of at...
In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze bacterial communities from diverse populations (humans, animals, and vectors) investigate the role of these microorganisms as causative agents disease in human animal populations. Wild rodents ectoparasites were collected 2014 2018 Nan province, Thailand where scrub typhus is highly endemic. Samples undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI) patients obtained local hospital. A total 200 UFI samples 309 420 pools (n=285) domesticated...
Mass administration of antimalarial drugs and ivermectin are being considered as potential accelerators malaria elimination. The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, mosquito-lethal effects combinations ivermectin, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, primaquine were evaluated. Coadministration dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine resulted in increased concentrations with corresponding increases effect across all subjects. Exposure to piperaquine was also when coadministered but electrocardiograph...
Malaria parasites transmitted by mosquito bite are remarkably efficient in establishing human infections. The infection process requires roughly 30 minutes and is highly complex as quiescent sporozoites injected with saliva must be rapidly activated the skin, migrate through body, infect liver. This poorly understood for Plasmodium vivax due to low infectivity vitro models. To study this skin-to-liver-stage of malaria, we used quantitative bioassays coupled transcriptomics evaluate parasite...
Abstract Background Scrub typhus is a largely ignored tropical disease and leading cause of undifferentiated febrile illness in the areas tsutsugamushi triangle caused by Orientia . It frequently diagnosed South Asian countries, although clear epidemiological information not available from Nepal. After 2015 earthquake Nepal, sudden upsurge scrub cases was reported. The objective this study to investigate epidemiology its causative agents humans, animals, chigger mites understand ongoing...
Trombiculid mites are the vectors of scrub typhus, with infected larval (chiggers) transmitting causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi, during feeding. Co-existence multiple O. tsutsugamushi strains within has previously been reported in naturally infected, laboratory-reared mite lines using molecular methods to characterize 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA) gene. In current study, more advanced next-generation sequencing technology was used reveal heterogeneity genotypes field-collected...
Background Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) by mosquito bite provides >90% sterile protection against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in humans. RAS invade hepatocytes but do not replicate. CD8+ T cells recognizing parasite-derived peptides on the surface of infected are likely primary protective mechanism. We conducted a randomized clinical trial immunization to assess safety, achieve 50% vaccine efficacy (VE) controlled human infection (CHMI), and generate...
Abstract Factory-treated permethrin uniforms are the primary method used by US Army to prevent arthropod bites and transmission of arthropod-borne diseases. In this study previously worn were collected from cadets at United States Military Academy in West Point, NY determine amount remaining after prolonged wear subsequent effects on ticks. Six trousers sophomore, junior, senior classes. A new, unwashed uniform served as a positive control an untreated maternity negative control. Fabric...
Mosquito blood meals taken from humans and animals potentially represent a useful source of for the detection blood-borne pathogens. In this feasibility study, Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were fed with spiked dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) harvested at serial time points. These are not competent vectors, is expected to replicate. Ingested was spotted on Whatman FTA cards stored room temperature. abdomens removed −80°C. Control meal aliquots in vials or applied onto cards. After 4 weeks...
Scrub typhus is a mites-borne rickettsiosis caused by the obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. The disease potentially life threatening and prevalent in tropical Asia, islands of western Pacific Ocean northern Australia where an estimated one million cases occur annually. tsutsugamushi transmitted bite larval mites genus Leptotrombidium. In present study, composition microbiome larvae, deutonymphs adult males females from laboratory colonies L. imphalum that...
In total, 1,300 each of Anopheles kleini Rueda and sinensis Wiedemann sensu stricto (s.s.) females (colonized from the Republic Korea) dirus Peyton & Harrison (Thai strain) were allowed to feed on blood Thai malaria patients naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax The overall oocyst infection rates for An. dirus, kleini, s.s. 77.4, 46.1, 45.9%, respectively. mean number oocysts was significantly higher (82.7) compared (6.1) (8.6), whereas similar. sporozoite dissected days 14-15, 21, 28...
Investigation of a scrub typhus outbreak in Thailand during September 2013 found that 9.1% Thai soldiers and 11.1% residents living areas surrounding training sites had antibodies against the causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi. Sequence analysis O. tsutsugamushi from rodents chiggers identified 7 genogroups 3 genotypes.
Recent efforts to combat the growing global threat of dengue disease, including deployment phase IIb vaccine trials, has continued be hindered by uncertainty surrounding equitable immune responses serotypes, relative viral fitness vs naturally occurring strains, and importance altered environments due natural delivery routes. Human infection models can significantly improve our understanding certain phenotypic characteristics inform strain selection trial design. With human models, we...
Entomological surveillance for arthropod-borne viruses is vital monitoring vector-borne diseases and informing vector control programs. In this study, we conducted entomological in Zika virus endemic areas. Thailand, it standard protocol to perform mosquito within 24 h of a reported dengue case. Aedes females were collected 72 case reports from villages with recent Zika–human cases Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand 2017 2018. Mosquitoes bisected into head-thorax abdomen then screened (ZIKV)...
The livestock industry in Mongolia accounts for 24% of national revenue, with one third the population maintaining a pastoral lifestyle. This close connection between Mongolian and is major concern pathogen transfer, especially given increase vector-borne diseases globally. study examines blood samples from to assess prevalence tick-borne bacterial infections across three provinces (Dornogovi, Selenge, Töv). Whole 243 (cattle=38, camel=11, goat=85, horse=22, sheep=87) were analyzed 16S...
Abstract There are eight Anopheles spp. present in the Republic of Korea (ROK), including five members Hyrcanus Group that cannot be identified using current morphological methods. The vector competence only sinensis s.s., An. lesteri, and kleini have been investigated. As geographical distribution varies ROK, determining relative provides a basis for delineating malaria risks to Korean populations U.S. military/civilian deployed ROK. belenrae pullus, collected from high-risk area were...
Prior to the devastating earthquake in Nepal 2015, scrub typhus was not recognized as a highly endemic disease country. This contrasted with neighboring India, where is and there have been sporadic outbreaks of severe forms. discrepancy underscores limitations our comprehensive understanding epidemiological patterns Nepal, especially before 2015. To better understand dynamic current status typhus, this study investigated its prevalence among patients acute febrile illness two hospitals...