A5058515155- HIV Research and Treatment
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2016-2025
National Institutes of Health
2016-2025
Federal Reserve
2023
University Hospitals of Cleveland
2016
Case Western Reserve University
2012-2016
Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research
2013
University of South Florida
2010
ABSTRACT Induction of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (NAb) is an important goal for a prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. Some HIV-infected patients make NAb response that reacts with diverse strains HIV-1, but most candidate vaccines have induced only against subset highly sensitive isolates. To better understand the nature broad responses arise during natural infection, we screened sera able to neutralize HIV and explored frequency phenotype...
The poor outcome of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is associated with systemic hyperinflammatory response and immunopathology. Although inflammasome oxidative stress have independently been implicated in COVID-19, it poorly understood whether these two pathways cooperatively contribute to disease severity. Herein, we found an enrichment CD14highCD16- monocytes displaying activation evidenced caspase-1/ASC-speck formation severe COVID-19 patients when compared...
Abstract Background Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, the first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protease inhibitor, reduces risk of hospitalization and death by disease 2019 (COVID-19) but has been associated with symptomatic rebound after therapy completion. Methods Six individuals relapse COVID-19 symptoms treatment nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, without prior antiviral 7 patients Omicron infection (controls) were studied. Soluble biomarkers serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid...
Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a clinical syndrome that defined by lymphopenia of less than 300 cells per cubic millimeter in the absence any primary or acquired cause immunodeficiency. Some 30 years after its original identification, ICL has remained disease obscure cause, with limited evidence respect to prognosis management, despite diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. We evaluated clinical, genetic, immunologic, prognostic characteristics 108 patients who were enrolled during...
Immune activation plays a key role in HIV pathogenesis. Markers of inflammation have been associated with vitamin D deficiency the general population. Studies also demonstrated associations increased risk progression and death. The relationship between persistent immune during chronic infection remains unclear.Cryopreserved specimens were analyzed from 663 participants at time enrollment Study to Understand Natural History HIV/AIDS Era Effective Therapy (SUN Study) 2004 2006. Biomarkers...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been associated with perturbations of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), including diminished frequencies in the peripheral blood and reduced production I interferons (IFNs) response to vitro stimulation. However, recent data suggest a paradoxical increase vivo HIV-infected patients compared uninfected controls. Using flow cytometric assay detect IFN-alpha-producing within unseparated mononuclear cells, we observed that short-term...
Abstract People with HIV (PWH) and mycobacterial infections can develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral therapy. The pathophysiology of mycobacterial-IRIS overlaps primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH). To assess possible genetic predisposition to IRIS, protein-altering variants in genes associated HLH were evaluated 82 PWH who developed IRIS (n = 56) or did not 26). Protein-altering cytotoxicity found 23.2% patients compared only...
Virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are thought to be required for the induction and maintenance of many effective CD8+ B-cell immune in experimental animals humans. Although presence human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific T cells has been documented patients at all stages HIV infection, fundamental questions regarding their frequency function remain. A 10-color, 12-parameter flow cytometric panel was utilized examine frequency, memory phenotype (CD27, CCR7, CD45RA), cytokine...
The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and high-level HIV replication on the function monocytes was investigated. HIV-positive patients had elevated levels spontaneous production some or all monocyte proinflammatory cytokines measured (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) compared to uninfected controls. In therapy with high frequencies producing cytokines, this frequency diminished in context viremia during an interruption therapy....
Background Type I interferons play important roles in innate immune defense. In HIV infection, type may delay disease progression by inhibiting viral replication while at the same time accelerating contributing to chronic activation. Methods To investigate effects of HIV-infection, we obtained cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 10 subjects who participated AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 5192, a trial investigating activity systemic administration IFNα for twelve...
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) represents an unexpected response shortly after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with underlying neoplasia or opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis. We hypothesized that IRIS is associated increased glycolysis and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) could help identify high-risk subjects.
Summ a
Abstract Background People with HIV and mycobacterial infections can develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Severe IRIS has an overlapping clinical phenotype hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We evaluated the pathophysiologic similarities between HLH to identify predictors of severity. Methods criteria were applied a longitudinal cohort 80 patients (CD4 <100 cells/µL) infections. Participants subdivided into...
Worsening of clinical, radiologic or laboratory parameters while receiving appropriate antituberculous therapy (ATT) is broadly classified as a "paradoxical reaction" (PR). In this review, we refer to PR dysregulated inflammatory response following the institution ATT after initial clinical improvement stability that typically seen in children not living with HIV. similar yet distinct from immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS) observed people HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection. IRIS,...
To better understand the components of an effective immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD8(+) T-cell responses HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were compared with regard frequency, immunodominance, phenotype, interleukin-2 (IL-2) responsiveness. Responses examined in rare patients exhibiting durable immune-mediated control over termed long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) or elite controllers, progressive HIV infection (progressors). The magnitude...
Increases in inflammation, coagulation, and CD8+ T-cell numbers are associated with an elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) recipients. Circulating memory T cells that express the vascular endothelium-homing receptor CX3CR1 (fractalkine receptor) enriched HIV-infected ART Thrombin-activated (PAR-1) expression is increased recipients particularly on CX3CR1+ cells, suggesting these could interact coagulation...
The goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to suppress HIV-1 replication and reconstitute CD4+ T cells. Here, we report on HIV-infected individuals who had a paradoxical decline in cells despite ART-mediated suppression plasma load (pVL). We defined such an immunological outcome as extreme immune (EXID).
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus may vary from asymptomatic to severe infection with multi-organ failure and death. Increased levels of circulating complement biomarkers have been implicated in COVID-19-related hyperinflammation coagulopathy. We characterized systemic activation at a cellular level 49-patients COVID-19. found increases classical sentinel C1q downstream C3 component on blood monocytes COVID-19 patients when compared healthy controls...
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) mediated infections are important to consider in cases with neuroinflammatory presentations. We aimed characterize of NTM neurological manifestations at the National Institutes Health (NIH) Clinical Center and review relevant literature.
Abstract Clinical rebound of COVID-19 after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment has been reported. We performed clinical, virologic, and immune measurements in seven patients with symptomatic rebound, six one without previous treatment. There was no evidence severe disease or impaired antibody T-cell responses people symptoms.
Objective: There are four conditions caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV): sarcoma, KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). These disorders (KADs) often occur in people with HIV can lead to multiorgan dysfunction requiring admission the ICU. However, little is known about patient outcomes this setting. Methods: A retrospective study of patients KADs admitted ICU between 2010 2021 was...