A5000097172- HIV Research and Treatment
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
- interferon and immune responses
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
2016-2025
National Institutes of Health
2016-2025
Tel Aviv University
2021-2024
Office of the Director
2018-2024
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
2016-2023
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2013-2023
Virginia Commonwealth University
2023
The University of Texas at Austin
1987-2022
Harvard University
1996-2022
Massachusetts General Hospital
2022
Activated monocytes release a number of substances, including inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids, that are highly toxic to cells the central nervous system. Because monocytic infiltration system closely correlates with HIV-1-associated dementia, it has been suggested monocyte-derived toxins mediate damage. In present study, we show HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat significantly increases astrocytic expression monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Astrocytic β-chemokines, which...
Human endogenous retrovirus-K is activated in the cortical neurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and expression viral envelope protein mouse brain reproduces clinical pathological phenotype this disease.
COVID survivors frequently experience lingering neurological symptoms that resemble cancer-therapy-related cognitive impairment, a syndrome for which white matter microglial reactivity and consequent neural dysregulation is central. Here, we explored the neurobiological effects of respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection found white-matter-selective in mice humans. Following mild mice, persistently impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, decreased oligodendrocytes, myelin loss were evident together with...
Neurological symptoms highlight the need to understand pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic infection that develops in immunosuppressed patients with HIV infection. Paradoxically, some of these may develop PML during combined antiretroviral therapy the setting immune reconstitution. We describe types relation to reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and effects steroid use patients.We performed a retrospective review literature (1998 2007) all HIV-infected diagnosed PML-IRIS at Johns Hopkins Hospital (2004...
Variants of UNC13A, a critical gene for synapse function, increase the risk amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic brain infection that caused by the JC virus and typically fatal unless immune function can be restored. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) a negative regulator of response may contribute to impaired viral clearance. Whether PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab could reinvigorate anti-JC activity in patients PML was unknown.We administered at dose 2 mg per kilogram body weight every 4 6 weeks eight adults PML, each different...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, unknown etiology. Previous studies showed reverse transcriptase in serum ALS patients at levels comparable to human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients; however, source and significance retroviral elements uncertain.Expression a endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K) was determined autopsy brain tissue with compared control populations real-time polymerase chain reaction followed sequencing amplified...
Chronic immune activation is a major complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection and can cause devastating reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the brain. The mechanism T-cell this population not well understood. We found HIV-Tat protein IL-17–expressing mononuclear cells brain an individual with IRIS. Tat was also present CSF individuals virologically controlled on ART. Hence we examined if could directly activate T cells. transcriptionally dysregulated 94 genes...
The underlying mechanisms by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to and long-term neurological manifestations remains obscure. We aimed characterize the neuropathological changes in patients with disease 2019 determine pathophysiological mechanisms. In this autopsy study of brain, we characterized vascular pathology, neuroinflammatory cellular humoral immune responses immunohistochemistry. All died during first wave pandemic from March July 2020. were...
As more patients gain access to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, neurologists are facing questions about potential neurological complications, benefits, and timing of vaccination. The latest ANA Investigates podcast took these Dr. Avindra Nath, intramural Clinical Director National Institute Neurological Disorders Stroke (NINDS). Four major vaccine mechanisms have been explored for COVID-19 vaccines: DNA-based mRNA-based protein-based inactivated virus. vaccines introduce...
Recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection appears exponential, leaving a tail of patients reporting various long COVID symptoms including unexplained fatigue/exertional intolerance and dysautonomic sensory concerns. Indirect evidence links to incident polyneuropathy affecting the small-fiber (sensory/autonomic) axons.We analyzed cross-sectional longitudinal data with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined without prior neuropathy history or risks...