A5042446076- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Public Health Policies and Education
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Food Safety and Hygiene
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Disaster Response and Management
Yale New Haven Health System
2020-2023
University of California, Irvine
2023
Yale University
2007-2022
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1991-2021
Museum of Heilongjiang Province
2021
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
2004-2018
Christian Health Association of Nigeria
2016
Office of Science
2016
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
2016
Connecticut Department of Public Health
2004-2015
In early 2000, a protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine targeting seven pneumococcal serotypes was licensed in the United States for use young children.We examined population-based data from Active Bacterial Core Surveillance of Centers Disease Control and Prevention to evaluate changes burden invasive disease, defined by isolation Streptococcus pneumoniae normally sterile site. Serotyping susceptibility testing isolates were performed. We assessed trends using geographic areas with...
Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence were evaluated after 7 years of 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) use US children.Laboratory-confirmed IPD cases identified during 1998-2007 by 8 active population-based surveillance sites. We compared overall, age group-specific, syndrome-specific, and serotype group-specific 2007 with that 1998-1999 (before PCV7) assessed potential coverage new formulations.Overall PCV7-type declined 45% (from 24.4 to 13.5 per 100,000 population) 94%...
Group B streptococcal infections are a leading cause of neonatal mortality, and they also affect pregnant women the elderly. Many cases disease in newborns can be prevented by administration prophylactic intrapartum antibiotics. In 1990s, prevention efforts increased. 1996, consensus guidelines recommended use either risk-based or screening-based approach to identify candidates for To assess effects preventive efforts, we analyzed trends incidence group from 1993 1998.Active,...
The emergence of drug-resistant strains bacteria has complicated treatment decisions and may lead to failures.We examined data on invasive pneumococcal disease in patients identified from 1995 1998 the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance program Centers for Disease Control Prevention. Pneumococci that had a high level resistance or intermediate according definitions National Committee Clinical Laboratory Standards were defined as "resistant" this analysis.During 1998, 4013 cases Streptococcus...
The rate of bacterial meningitis declined by 55% in the United States early 1990s, when Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine for infants was introduced. More recent prevention measures such as pneumococcal and universal screening pregnant women group B streptococcus (GBS) have further changed epidemiology meningitis.
Five of seven serotypes in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, introduced for infants United States 2000, are responsible most penicillin-resistant infections. We examined effect this vaccine on invasive disease caused by resistant strains.
Widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) resulted in decreases invasive disease among children and elderly persons. The benefits may be offset by increases due to serotypes not included the (hereafter, "nonvaccine serotypes"). We evaluated effect PCV7 on incidence nonvaccine serotypes.Cases were identified 8 geographic areas through Centers for Disease Control Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance. Serotyping susceptibility testing isolates performed. calculated aged...
In October 2001, the first inhalational anthrax case in United States since 1976 was identified a media company worker Florida. A national investigation initiated to identify additional cases and determine possible exposures Bacillus anthracis. Surveillance enhanced through health-care facilities, laboratories, other means cases, which were defined as clinically compatible illness with laboratory-confirmed B. anthracis infection. From 4 November 20, 22 of (11 inhalational, 11 cutaneous)...
Although cat scratch disease is commonly diagnosed in patients who have unexplained regional lymphadenopathy after encounters with cats, its epidemiology and the risk factors for are not clearly defined, there no generally accepted diagnostic test.
BackgroundSerotype 19A invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) increased annually in the United States after introduction of 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). To understand this increase, we characterized serotype isolates recovered during 2005
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious infection in young infants. A heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed 2000 and recommended for all children aged 2 to 23 months.To determine the rates of invasive disease (IPD) infants before after PCV7 incorporated into childhood immunization schedule June 2000.A prospective, population-based study 0 90 days who resided areas 8 US states with active laboratory surveillance S infections from July 1, 1997, 30, 2004.Rates...
We sought to better understand acts of self-harm among inmates in correctional institutions.We analyzed data from medical records on 244 699 incarcerations the New York City jail system January 1, 2010, through 31, 2013.In 1303 (0.05%) these incarcerations, 2182 were committed, (103 potentially fatal and 7 fatal). Although only 7.3% admissions included any solitary confinement, 53.3% 45.0% occurred within this group. After we controlled for gender, age, race/ethnicity, serious mental...
<h3>Background</h3> An outbreak of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 infections in Connecticut and Illinois during May 28 to June 27, 1996, was investigated determine the source of infections. <h3>Methods</h3> Independent case-control studies were performed both states. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) on<i>E isolates. A<i>case-patient</i>was defined as a or northern resident with diarrhea whose stool culture yielded<i>E outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. Controls town-, age-, sex-matched...
Background. Athletics-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have become a high-profile national problem with substantial morbidity. Methods. To investigate an MRSA outbreak involving college football team, we conducted retrospective cohort study of all 100 players. A case was defined as cellulitis or skin abscess diagnosed during the period 6 August (the start camp) through 1 October 2003. Results. We identified 10 patients (2 whom were hospitalized). The...
Recent antibiotic use is a risk factor for infection or colonization with resistant bacterial pathogens. Demand antibiotics can be affected by consumers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices. In 1998-1999, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet( conducted population-based, random-digit dialing telephone survey, including questions regarding respondents' practices of use. Twelve percent had recently taken antibiotics; 27% believed that taking when they cold made them...
Our goal was to describe trends in invasive pneumococcal disease incidence among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).We used time-trend analysis annual rates from a population-based, surveillance system. Annual were calculated for 5 July-June periods by use data San Francisco county, 6-county Baltimore metropolitan area, and Connecticut. The numerators numbers Streptococcus pneumoniae infections 18-64...
<h3>Context</h3>The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, resulted in the release known and suspected carcinogens into environment. There is public concern that exposures may have increased cancers.<h3>Objective</h3>To evaluate cancer incidence among persons enrolled World Trade Center Health Registry.<h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3>Observational study 55 778 New York State residents Registry 2003-2004, including rescue/recovery workers (n = 21 850) those not involved 33 928), who...
This study was performed to better understand and more precisely quantify the amount burden of illness caused by acute diarrhoea in United States today. A telephone-based population survey conducted between 1 July, 1996, 31 June, 1997, sites Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet). The overall prevalence 4 weeks before interview 11%, giving a rate 1.4 episodes per person year. diarrhoeal defined as episode lasting longer than day or which resulted significant impairment...
This study retrospectively analyzed the magnitude and epidemiology of community-onset Staphylococcus aureus (COSA) infections methicillin-resistant S. (MRSA) in 4 Connecticut metropolitan areas (population, 1.1 million). The looked at hospital medical records persons admitted with bacteremia 1998. COSA was categorized as "health care associated," "with underlying condition," or "no condition." Overall, 48% bacteremic were (incidence, 17 cases/100,000 persons). Incidence increased age higher...
Abstract In 1999, the U.S. West Nile (WN) virus epidemic was preceded by widespread reports of avian deaths. 2000, ArboNET, a cooperative WN surveillance system, implemented to monitor sentinel epizootic that precedes human infection. This report summarizes 2000 data, documents activity in and demonstrates utility monitoring animals identify risk for
Giardiasis is the most commonly reported intestinal protozoal infection worldwide, but its relatively long incubation period and often insidious onset make detection of common-source outbreaks difficult. Few well-documented foodborne giardiasis have been reported. In November 1990, such an outbreak among insurance company employees resulted in 18 laboratory-confirmed 9 suspected cases giardiasis. A case-control study 26 ill 162 well implicated raw sliced vegetables served employee cafeteria...