We have investigated the chemical distributions and local electronic structure of potential diluted magnetic semiconductor Ge0.94Mn0.06 single crystals using scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), photoemission (PES). The SPEM image shows stripe-shaped microstructures, which arise from phase separation between Mn-rich Mn-depleted phases. Mn 2p XAS that ions in region are divalent high-spin Mn2+ states but they do not form metallic clusters. 3d PES...

Electronic structures of Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_x$O have been investigated using photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and x-ray absorption (XAS). The Co 3d states are found to lie near the top O $2p$ valence band, with a peak around $\sim 3$ eV binding energy. XAS spectrum provides evidence that ions in Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$O divalent Co$^{2+}$ ($d^7$) under tetrahedral symmetry. Our finding indicates properly substituted for Zn sites will not produce diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor property.

The electronic structures of ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}@X$ (core@shell) nanoparticles ($X=\ensuremath{\gamma}{\text{-Fe}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$, ${\text{Fe}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}$, and Fe) have been investigated by employing soft x-ray-absorption spectroscopy x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). It is found that the valence states Ti ions near interfaces are formally tetravalent $({\text{Ti}}^{4+}:3{d}^{0})$ Fe in shells essentially same as those corresponding bulk materials, with some disorder site...

We have investigated the surface states of a potential mixed-valent topological insulator SmB$_6$ based on first principles density functional theory slab band structure analysis. found that metallic are formed in bulk gap region, providing evidence for insulating nature SmB$_6$. The obtained in-gap quite different from those existing reports they differently depending Sm or B$_6$ termination, and composed mainly $4f$ state indicating essentiality including $f$ electrons describing states....

Electronic structures of Sr_2FeMoO_6 (SFMO) and Ba_2FeMoO_6 (BFMO) double perovskites have been investigated using the Fe 2p->3d resonant photoemission spectroscopy (PES) Cooper minimum in Mo 4d photoionization cross section. The states close to Fermi level are found strongly mixed Mo-Fe t_{2g} character, suggesting that valence is far from pure 3+. 2p_{3/2} XAS spectra indicate mixed-valent Fe^{3+}-Fe^{2+} configurations, larger Fe^{2+} component for BFMO than SFMO, a kind exchange...

Electronic structures of Pb(Pd0.9T0.1)O2 (T = Mn, Co) spin gapless semiconductors have been investigated by employing soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and photoemission (PES). The valence states Co Mn ions are found to be mixed-valent (∼2.7) tetravalent, respectively. measured valence-band PES O 1s XAS spectra show that both PbPdO2 PbPd0.9Co0.1O2 small-gap semiconductors. This finding is supported the calculated band structures, obtained in density functional theory with modified...

We present soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on spinel manganites and show it can be used as a powerful tool to directly probe the Jahn-Teller (JT) splitting energy in transition metal oxides. The MnL2,3-edge XAS spectra of ZnMnxGa2−xO4(x=0.5,1.0,1.4,and2.0) AMn2O4(A=MgandCd) change very systematically with structural distortion JT active octahedral sublattices. are well reproduced by configuration interaction cluster model including full ionic multiplet structure, spectral evolution...

Taken together and viewed holistically, recent theory, low temperature (T) transport, photoelectron spectroscopy quantum oscillation experiments have built a very strong case that the paradigmatic mixed valence insulator SmB6 is currently unique as three-dimensional strongly correlated topological (TI). As such, its many-body T-dependent bulk gap brings an extra richness to physics beyond of weakly TI materials. How will robust, symmetry-protected surface states evolve closes with increasing...

The structural identity of the biomineralized iron core nanoparticles in Helicobacter pylori ferritins (Hpf's) has been determined by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism. Valence states Fe ions are nearly trivalent all Hpf's, indicating that amount magnetite (Fe3O4) is negligible. With increasing filling ions, local configurations Fe3+ change from mixture tetrahedral octahedral symmetries to symmetry. These results demonstrate biomineralization...

A new ion-plating system has been devised through a simple and cost-effective modification of the ordinary thermal evaporator. We characterized itself evaporation various metallic elements such as Zn, Al, Ti, first all. The ionization efficiency for evaporants was so enhanced without any introduction inert gases that bias voltage for, temperature substrate were reduced in preparation films. practical performance recognized terms TiN TiC films which are widely employed decoration tools....

The electronic structures of ${\mathrm{SrMn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ $(0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1)$ have been investigated by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). Both Mn Ru ions are nearly tetravalent $({\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+},\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Ru}}^{4+})$ for the end members $x=0$ $({\mathrm{SrMnO}}_{3})$ $x=1$ $({\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3})$. In Ru-dilute concentration...

Indium oxide films with an electrical resistivity of less than 1.5×10−4 Ω cm and good optical quality were prepared by the reactive ion plating pure indium in oxygen atmosphere ∼10−4 Torr. The deposition rate was range 500–900 Å/min, which is much higher that ordinary evaporation. Hall effect measurement showed observed low primarily due to high electron mobility (≥70 cm2/V s) carrier density up 7×1020/cm3. These properties correlated atomic concentration data Auger spectroscopy x-ray...

The temperature-dependent electronic structure of ferromagnetic double perovskite La2MnNiO6 has been investigated by employing soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and absorption spectroscopy (XAS). measured 2p XAS spectra for Mn Ni ions at low temperature show that most are formally tetravalent (3d3) divalent (3d8). core-level photoemission spectrum also supports the states ions. With increasing temperature, XMCD intensity decreases, in agreement with its high Curie temperature....

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Electronic structures of very dilute Cr- or Ru-doped ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1/2}{A}_{1/2}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ (NAMO) $(A=\mathrm{Ca},\mathrm{Sr})$ manganites have been investigated using the Mn and Cr $2\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}3d$ resonant photoemission spectroscopy (PES). All NAMO systems exhibit clear metallic Fermi edges in ${e}_{g}$ spectra near ${E}_{F},$ consistent with their ground states. The $3d$ states ${t}_{2g}^{3}$ configuration are at $\ensuremath{\sim}1.3\mathrm{eV}$...

The topological nature in a golden phase of SmS (g-SmS), which is prototypical mixed-valent/Kondo system, has been an issue current controversy. authors provide unambiguous evidence that g-SmS Kondo having nontrivial surface states with diverse band topologies. Depending on terminations, shows multiple topological-Dirac-cone features, such as topological-insulator-type single Dirac cone the (111) surface, topological-crystalline-insulator-type gapless double cones (110) and Rashba-type...

Electronic structures of spinel oxides FeT2O4 (T = V, Cr) have been investigated by employing soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and absorption spectroscopy (XAS). XAS reveals that Cr V ions are trivalent, Fe nearly divalent in Cr). Finite XMCD signals observed FeV2O4 at T 80 K, while they very weak FeCr2O4. shows spins antiparallel to spins, with the being canted from which suggests a Yafet-Kittel type triangular spin configuration

Electronic structures of FeCr2X4 (X=S and Se) have been investigated by employing soft-x-ray absorption spectroscopy magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). It is found that FeCr2S4 FeCr2Se4 similar electronic structures. The valence states Cr Fe ions are nearly trivalent (Cr3+) divalent (Fe2+), respectively. 3d strongly hybridized to the X p states. 2p XMCD study provides evidence for antiparallel alignment between spins strong hybridization electrons.

In order to clarify the controversial issue of topological nature in a mixed-valent Kondo system, ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$, we have explored surface states on nonpolar (110) employing both angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiment and ab initio density-functional theory (DFT) band calculations. Based ARPES spectroscopic fingerprints DFT structures, ascribe observed spectral weights at $\overline{X}$ $\overline{Y}$ Brillouin zone (TSSs) ``topological insulator (TI)''...

The electronic structures of Mo pyrochlore systems ${R}_{2}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ $(R=\mathrm{Nd},$ Sm) have been investigated using photoemission spectroscopy (PES). states near ${E}_{\mathrm{F}}$ mainly $4d$ character. R $4f$ are located well below the Fermi level and valence bulk Nd Sm ions very close to $3+.$ local spin density approximation (LSDA) $\mathrm{LSDA}+U+\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}$ (SO)...

The electronic structures of $R$ $4f$ and Fe $3d$ states $R$Fe${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$ ($R=\text{Er}$, Tm, Lu) have been investigated by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) magnetic circular dichroism at the $2p$ edges. It is found that valence ions are nearly Fe${}^{2.5+}$ ${R}^{3+}$, net moments Fe${}^{2+}$ Fe${}^{3+}$ antiparallel to each other. Both O $1s$ XAS spectra show localized do not contribute multiferroicity $R$Fe${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$. On other hand, magnetization data for...

Electronic structures of Ni-doped CuFe1-xNixO2 delafossite oxides (x = 0, 0.015, and 0.03) have been investigated by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). It is found that the valence states Cu, Fe, Ni ions are nearly monovalent (Cu+), trivalent (Fe3+), divalent (Ni2+), respectively, they do not change with x. In contrast, Cu 2p XMCD signals, which arise from Cu2+ states, increase increasing This study suggests signals presumably related to...

A resonant photoemission study has been performed for ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}(x=1/3,1/2)$ and the partial spectral weight (PSW) distributions of both Pr $4f$ Mn $3d$ electrons have determined. With varying temperature (T) x, metal-insulator transitions are observed in data. The ions ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ trivalent, PSW exhibits a dominant hybridization peak indicating large...

The spatial chemical distributions of doped T ions and their local electronic structures in Zn1−xTxO (T=Mn, Fe, Co; x⩽0.1) have been investigated simultaneously by using scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM), photoemission spectroscopy (PES), soft-x-ray absorption (XAS). measured SPEM images for single crystals reveal the uniform ions, indicating homogeneous substitution Zn sites. T2p XAS spectra show that Mn Co are divalent states, while Fe Fe2+–Fe3+ mixed-valent states. valence-band PES...