In this paper, we consider the use of fractional frequency reuse (FFR) to mitigate inter-femtocell interference in multi-femtocell environments. The universal can be said optimum terms ergodic system spectral efficiency. However, it may cause near cell edge, making difficult serve whole coverage. To alleviate problem, adjust factor with aid femtocell location information. proposed scheme provide reasonably high efficiency, while assuring a desired performance boundary. Simulation results...

Flexible neural probes are hypothesized to reduce the chronic foreign body response (FBR) mainly by reducing strain-stress caused an interplay between tethered probe and brain's micromotion. However, a large discrepancy of Young's modulus still exists (3-6 orders magnitude) flexible brain tissue. This raises question whether we need bridge this gap; would increasing flexibility proportionally FBR?Using novel off-stoichiometry thiol-enes-epoxy (OSTE+) polymer developed in our previous work,...

Abstract Purpose The quality of on‐board imaging systems, including cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), plays a vital role in image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and adaptive radiotherapy. Recently, there has been an upgrade the CBCT systems fused O‐ring linear accelerators called HyperSight, featuring high performance. As characterization new system is essential, we evaluated image HyperSight by comparing it with Halcyon 3.0 providing benchmark data for routine assurance. Methods...

The dual-energy CT-based (DECT) approach holds promise in reducing the overall uncertainty proton stopping-power-ratio (SPR) estimation as compared to conventional stoichiometric calibration approach. objective of this study was analyze factors contributing SPR using DECT-based and derive a comprehensive estimate range associated with treatment planning. Two state-of-the-art methods were selected implemented on Siemens SOMATOM Force DECT scanner. uncertainties first divided into five...

Femtocells that are installed in existing macrocellular networks form a two-tiered heterogeneous network, yielding an interference problem between the two layers. How we can mitigate is of great concern for deployment femtocells. When femto base station has perfect channel information, it through transmit power control and beamforming. However, may not be feasible to get information due unavoidable impairments such as estimation, quantization, feedback delay. In presence uncertainty,...

In this paper, we consider resource allocation in femtocell networks to maximize the throughput while minimizing interference macro-cell users nearby. This can be achieved by dynamically allocating spectrum a cognitive radio way of avoiding use resources occupied macro-users The proposed scheme comprises two steps; channel sensing and scheduling. femto base station detects occupation estimating energy sub-channels group-wise manner then allocates with lowest signature femto-users. scheduling...

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a frequently used polymer for neural implants due to its biocompatible property. As follow-up our recent study that PEG stiffening flexible probes, we have evaluated the biological implications of using devices dip-coated with chronic implants. Mice (wild-type and CX3CR1-GFP) received bilateral within sensorimotor cortex, one hemisphere PEG-coated probe other non-coated four weeks. Quantitative analyses were performed biomarkers activated microglia/macrophages,...

// Joo-Young Jung 1,2,* , Do-Kun Yoon 1,* Brendan Barraclough 2,3 Heui Chang Lee 3,4 Tae Suk Suh 1 and Bo Lu 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering Research Institute Engineering, College Medicine, Catholic University Korea, Seoul, Korea Radiation Oncology, Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 3 J. Crayton Pruitt Family, 4 Weldon School Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Suh, email: Keywords : proton boron fusion therapy,...

Neuroinflammation has long been associated with the performance decline of intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs). Consequently, several strategies, including use anti-inflammatories, have employed to mitigate inflammation surrounding IMEs. However, these strategies had limited success towards achieving a chronically viable cortical neural interface, questioning efficacy anti-inflammatory approach.Herein, we conducted systematic study in rats implanted functional devices by modulating via...

Advances in neural engineering have brought about a number of implantable devices for improved brain stimulation and recording. Unfortunately, many these micro-implants not been adopted due to issues signal loss, deterioration, host response the device. In search chronically useful reliable interface, it is important examine tissue environment around implanted see what might occur that would either affect device's functionality or viability. While characterization wounding known as glial...

Objective: This study aims to identify the impact of using edge sites over center on a planar silicon microelectrode array. Methods: We used custom-designed, silicon-substrate multisite arrays with center, edge, and tip. compared their single unit recording capability, noise level, impedance, histology differences between each site location. Wide narrow devices were evaluate if are consistent meet theoretical expectations. Results: On wide device, significantly more number functional than...

Dual-energy CT (DECT) has been shown to have a great potential in reducing the uncertainty proton stopping power ratio (SPR) estimation, when compared current standard method - stoichiometric based on single-energy (SECT). However, few recent studies indicated that imaging noise may substantial impact performance of DECT-based approach, especially at high level. The goal this study is quantify SPR and range estimation caused by approach under various conditions.Two widely referred parametric...

Deployment of multiple femtocells in a confined area may cause serious interference problem to each other. To mitigate the inter-femtocell interference, we consider combined use coordinated user scheduling with transmit beamforming femtocell networks. Femto base stations collaboratively schedule users minimize an average sense and employ technique maximize network spectral efficiency. We assume that only spatial correlation coefficient is shared by femto stations, making it quite feasible...

We conducted a quantitative study to identify the effectiveness of proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT). Four simulation scenarios were designed investigate escalation in total dose with reaction using Monte Carlo n-particle extended (MCNPX 2.6.0) simulation. The peak integrated was obtained for three different physical conditions (i.e., uptake region (BUR) thickness, BUR location, and concentration) differing beam energy (60–90 MeV). found that increased by up 96.62% compared pristine...

In this paper, we propose a new cooperative spectrum sensing scheme to minimize the false alarm probability while satisfying detection at desired level. To improve performance, it is desirable for cognitive base station combine binary local decisions of secondary users by considering reliability. proposed scheme, are combined with weighting factors that reflect reliability each user optimize distribution function test statistic. The and probabilities also analytically determined in closed...

A nickel-tungsten alloy plating formula was developed to electrochemically fill the microvias of printed circuit boards and through-silicon vias (TSVs) wafers. The solution composed Ni(SO3NH2)2, citric acid, sodium citrate, Na2WO4, chloride ions, 2-mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid. void-free Ni-W superfilling a microvia TSV were achieved. tungsten content in filled varied from 1.5 atom% 5.5 atom%, depending on temperature. coefficient thermal expansion theoretically calculated according...

The purpose of this study is to develop a fast and convergence proofed CBCT reconstruction framework based on the compressed sensing theory which not only lowers imaging dose but also computationally practicable in busy clinic. We simplified original mathematical formulation gradient projection for sparse (GPSR) minimize number forward backward projections line search processes at each iteration. GPSR algorithms generally showed improved image quality over FDK algorithm especially when small...

To screen the complex central nervous system (CNS) injury responses, we created a quadruple-labelled 'PrismPlus' mouse line with genetically encoded distinct fluorescent tag in oligodendrocytes, microglia, neurons, and astrocytes. Cx3cr1-gfp Prism mice originally developed by Jung et al., 2000 Dougherty 2012, respectively, were cross-bred. First, confirmed presence of fluorophores appropriate cell types PrismPlus mice. then used to examine cellular responses brain implanted micro-devices. We...

The dual-energy computed tomography (DECT)-based approach holds promise in reducing the overall uncertainty proton stopping-power-ratio (SPR) estimation, but cannot be easily implemented with most commercial treatment planning systems (TPS). In this study, we revisited idea of coupling stoichiometric calibration method virtual monoenergetic CT datasets (MonoCT) generated by modern DECT scanners, because its readiness for implementation existing TPS. Our objective was to determine optimal...

In the quest to develop ultrafine-grained ferrite steels, an external stress is often applied control austenite-to-ferrite transformation kinetics. To understand role of in diffusional nucleation, a micromechanics analysis was performed. It well known that transition accompanied by volume increase up 9% at absolute zero. The calculation due change alone shows coherent particle has less strain energy Nishiyama–Wasserman (NW) orientation than Kurdjumov–Sachs (KS) orientation, and preferred...