A5021760204- Diet and metabolism studies
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Physical Activity and Health
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Obesity and Health Practices
- Body Contouring and Surgery
University of Michigan
2024
Kings County Hospital Center
2024
State University of New York
2024
Carolina Institute for NanoMedicine
2024
University of Colorado Denver
2024
Kaiser Permanente
2024
George Washington University
2024
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
2024
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2015-2024
Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research
2024
A single abdominal cross-sectional computerized axial tomography and magnetic resonance image is often obtained in studies examining adipose tissue (AT) distribution. An might also provide additional useful information on total body skeletal muscle (SM) AT volumes with related physiological insights. We therefore investigated the relationships between SM areas from images component a large diverse sample of healthy adult subjects. Total were derived by whole multislice imaging 123 men [age...
Abstract Early reports suggested that resistin is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. However, subsequent studies have not supported these findings. To our knowledge, the present study first assessment human subjects of serum sensitivity by clamp technique. Thirty-eight nonobese [age, 23 ± 4 yr; body mass index (BMI), 25.4 4.3 kg/m2], 12 obese (age, 54 8 BMI, 33.0 2.5 kg/m2), 22 type 2 diabetes 59 7 34.0 2.4 kg/m2) were studied. Serum concentrations different among...
Abstract Objective : Percent fat is often considered the reference for establishing magnitude of adipose tissue accumulation and risk excess adiposity. However, increasing recognition a strong link between central adiposity metabolic disturbances led us to test whether waist circumference (WC) more highly correlated with syndrome components than percent other related anthropometric measures such as BMI. Research Methods Procedures BMI, WC, fat, measured by DXA, were evaluated in 1010 healthy...
Our previous finding that a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) >0.85 was not associated with similar health risks in black, compared white, obese premenopausal nondiabetic women of fatness is attributed to either 1) different relationship between WHR and visceral adiposity or 2) differences the metabolic abnormalities obesity. We measured (VAT) subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) areas at midwaist 25 black white BMI, percentage body fat, wide range (0.7–0.95 for 0.7–0.9 women) then insulin...
Skeletal muscle (SM) is a large and physiologically important compartment. Adipose tissue found interspersed between within SM groups referred to as intermuscular adipose (IMAT). The study objective was develop prediction models linking appendicular lean soft (ALST) estimates by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with whole body IMAT-free quantified magnetic resonance imaging. ALST total-body were evaluated in 270 healthy adults [body mass index (BMI) of <35 kg/m 2 ]. then validated...
Inactivation of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) by gene-targeting results in mice that develop maturity-onset obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. These phenotypes resemble common forms human which are late-onset frequently accompanied NIDDM. It is not clear whether sequence variation MC4-R gene contributes to obesity humans. Therefore, we examined polymorphism 190 individuals ascertained on status. Three allelic variants were identified, including two novel ones, Thr112Met...
To clarify the impact of vigorous physical training on in vivo insulin action and glucose metabolism independent intervening effects concomitant changes body weight composition residual an acute exercise session, 10 lean, obese, 6 diet-controlled type II diabetic men trained for 12 wk a cycle ergometer 4 h/wk at approximately 70% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) while were maintained by refeeding energy expended each session. Before 4–5 days after last euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (40 mU.m2.min-1)...
Abstract Objective: Our objective was to delineate the potential role of adipogenesis in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is characterized by an increase adipose tissue mass resulting from enlargement existing fat cells (hypertrophy) and/or increased number adipocytes (hyperplasia). The inability recruit new may cause ectopic deposition resistance. Research Methods Procedures: We examined expression candidate genes involved adipocyte proliferation differentiation...
The degree to which interindividual variation in the mass of select high metabolic rate organs (HMROs) mediates variability resting energy expenditure (REE) is unknown.The objective was investigate how much REE explained by differences HMRO adults and whether age, sex, race independently predict after adjustment for HMRO.A cross-sectional evaluation 55 women [30 African Americans aged 48.7 +/- 22.2 y (mean SD) 25 whites 46.4 17.7 y] 32 men (8 34.3 18.2 24 51.3 20.6 y) conducted. Liver,...
OBJECTIVE To compare the long-term effects of glucose-lowering medications (insulin glargine U-100, glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin) when added to metformin on insulin sensitivity β-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) cohort with type 2 diabetes (n = 4,801), HOMA2 was used estimate (HOMA2-%S) fasting function (HOMA2-%B) at baseline 1, 3, 5 years treatment. Oral glucose tolerance test...
To clarify the independent relationships of obesity and overweight to cardiovascular disease risk factors sex steroid levels, three age-matched groups men were studied: (i) 8 normal weight men, less than 15% body fat, by hydrostatic weighing; (ii) 16 overweight, obese greater 25% fat 135-160% ideal (IBW); (iii) lean IBW, but fat. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly for (mean +/- SEM, 82 2 mmHg) (71 2) (72 groups, as low density lipoprotein levels (131 9 vs. 98 + 11 14 mg/dl), ratio...
The lipodystrophy syndrome (adipose tissue redistribution and metabolic abnormalities) observed with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may be related to increased proinflammatory cytokine activity. We measured acute (TNF-alpha, IL-6, leptin), glycerol, lactate secretion from abdominal subcutaneous adipose (SAT), systemic levels, in HIV-infected subjects without (HIVL+ HIVL-, respectively) healthy non-HIV controls. Lipodystrophy...
OBJECTIVE—Compared with nondiabetic subjects, type 2 diabetic subjects are metabolically inflexible impaired fasting fat oxidation and carbohydrate during a hyperinsulinemic clamp. We hypothesized that insulin-stimulated glucose is consequence of the lower cellular uptake rate in diabetes. Therefore, we compared metabolic flexibility to adjusted for disposal versus latter group after 1 year lifestyle intervention (the Look AHEAD [Action For Health Diabetes] trial). RESEARCH DESIGN AND...
Femoral-gluteal adipose tissue (AT) may be cardioprotective through fatty acids uptake. AT has previously been defined as leg fat measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); however, subcutaneous (SAT) and intermuscular (IMAT) are inseparable using DXA. This study investigated the independent relationships between femoral-gluteal SAT, IMAT, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors [fasting serum measures of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDLC),...
OBJECTIVE To characterize the relationships among long-term improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal rate [GDR]), fasting glucose, and free fatty acids (FFAs) concomitant changes weight adipose tissue mass distribution induced by lifestyle intervention obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured GDR, FFAs during a euglycemic clamp distribution, organ fat, adipocyte size dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT scan, biopsy 26 men 32...