The correct modelling of velocity distribution functions for particles in steady-state plasmas is a central element the study nuclear fusion and also description space plasmas. In this work, statistical mechanical formalism collisionless steady state presented, based solely on application rules probability not relying concept entropy. Beck Cohen's superstatistical framework recovered as limiting case, "microscopic" definition inverse temperature $\beta$ given. Non-extensivity invoked priori...

The feasibility of inferring the plasma parameters a Penning discharge in helium, from experimentally observed intensities number spectral lines visible wavelength region, is explored. collisional-radiative model ADAS (atomic data analysis structure) code and database has been used for this analysis. electron density, temperature, ground-state atom ion densities also 2 3S metastable state density are thus estimated. results encouraging. derived then to obtain few vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)...

Plasma focus devices may arise as useful source to perform experiments aimed study the effects of pulsed radiation on human cells in vitro. In present work, a table top hundred joules plasma device, namely “PF-400J”, was adapted irradiate colorectal cancer cell line, DLD-1. For x-rays, doses (energy absorbed per unit mass, measured Gy) were using thermoluminescence detectors (TLD-100 dosimeters). The neutron fluence and average energy used estimate doses. Fifty pulses x-rays (0.12 fifty...

In the present work, efforts are made to identify presence of high energy photons in X-rays pulses, emitted from a hundred joules plasma focus device, PF-400J. Two different experiments were carried out, with insertion lead piece inside hollow anode PF-400J and without piece. A pair two photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) was mounted axial direction similar PMTs radial direction, simultaneously. After establishing correlation between each pair, one both directions blocked by rectangular slab...

Kappa-distributed velocities in plasmas are common a wide variety of settings, from low-density to high-density plasmas. To date, they have been found mainly space plasmas, but recently being considered also the modeling laboratory Despite routinely employed, origin kappa distribution remains, this day, unclear. For instance, deviations Maxwell-Boltzmann sometimes regarded as signature nonadditivity thermodynamic entropy, although there alternative frameworks such superstatistics where an...

Damages induced on the tungsten surface at two different operating conditions of a kilojoule plasma focus device are studied. In one condition, samples were exposed to axial shocks that formed after pinch disruption, and in other phenomenon was absent or weak. Melting, craters, cracking surfaces observed both cases. former case, charged particle beams post-pinch material ejection will play role impacting surface; however, latter case those phenomena have small contributions because absence...

With the purpose to study effects of pulsed x-rays radiation on cancer cells, total doses x-ray pulses and temporal duration pulse has been characterized in a hundred joules plasma focus device (PF-400J, 130 kA achieved 300ns, 30 kV, 880 nF, 38 nH). TLD dosimeters were located outside discharge chamber, at 96 mm from anode top. In addition, two photomultipliers with plastic scintillator axial radial directions. From statistical analysis photomultiplier signals, was possible estimate that...

Abstract In this work, new evidence and information about both the origin evolution of filamentary structures observed in current sheath a small plasma focus (PF) discharge are reported. The experiments were carried out generator low energy (multipurpose generator) at PF configuration, under different operating conditions. These include anode insulator geometries, without return bars high-performance regime high pressures ( <?CDATA $\gt$?> <mml:math...

In this paper, the development of large volume double ring Penning plasma discharge source for efficient light emissions is reported. The developed consists two cylindrical end cathodes stainless steel having radius 6 cm and a gap 5.5 between them, which are fitted in top bottom flanges vacuum chamber. Two anode rings with thickness 0.4 inner diameters 6.45 separation 2 kept at centre. Neodymium (Nd(2)Fe(14)B) permanent magnets physically inserted behind producing nearly uniform magnetic...

Charged particle (CP) measurements in dense plasma focus (DPF) devices are important to understand the fundamentals of CP acceleration mechanism, which is under active investigation. In this work, results (ion) obtained from a kilojoule DPF device, PF-2 kJ, presented. The ion signals were observed pressure range 3–11 mbar hydrogen gas. recorded by means Faraday cups (FCs). One FC was mounted axial direction, and two FCs radial directions (at 180° each other). Three distinct ions that...

Plasma focus devices have been investigated as a pulsed radiation source. Different studies shown that the shape of anode affects strongly plasma dynamic and X-ray emission takes place in devices. In present work, hybrid-type device (6 μF, 16 ± 1 kV), named PF-2kJ, is operated at various pressures hydrogen gas with five cylindrical anodes same lengths but different shapes, without cathode bars. The effect bars on electric parameters studied for has maximum emission. electrical signals...

Abstract The temporal correlation between neutron and hard X-ray (HXR) emissions from a hundred joules plasma focus device (PF-400J) was studied. A method, time history analysis, to estimate the of origin neutrons with respect HXRs is applied. In most discharges, it found that are originated before in axial direction after radial direction. some difference large enough, so can be interpreted those would have been pinch. qualitative discussion conjectured explain experimental observations.

A simple model for the stochastic evolution of defects in a material under irradiation is presented. Using master-equation formalism, we derive an expression average number terms power flux and exposure time. The reproduces qualitative behavior self-healing due to defect recombination, reaching steady-state concentration that depends on incident radiation temperature, while also suggesting particular time scale which energy most efficient producing defects, good agreement with experimental...

In the present work, a kilojoule plasma focus device, PF-2 kJ, is adopted as pulsed x-ray source to study effects of radiation in cancer cells. Low dose hyper-radiosensitivity (LDHRS) have been explored various cell lines using conventional irradiation. To best our knowledge, LDHRS not yet x-rays. Cell death was evaluated human colorectal (DLD-1 and HCT-116) breast (MCF-7) (monolayer cultures) irradiated with 10 (∼0.24 Gy), 20 (0.61 40 (∼1.1 Gy) pulses (FWHM ∼ 90 ns, rate ∼107 Gy/min 0.025...

In present work an effort has been made to measure the ion beams generated during experiment with PF-400J plasma focus device, using array of two Rogowski coils time flight analysis. It was found that signals beam for a particular range operating pressure. The were recorded at 20, 15, 12, 10, 9,8,7,6 and 5 mbar filled pressure hydrogen gas. optimized good column formation this device about 9 mbar. At 15 no or very weak observed by coil which kept relatively far from top anode 20 there in...

Plasma needle is a novel design of plasma source at atmospheric pressure to achieve nonthermal jet. The advantage the that it can be operated in open air, outside vessel. generated with small (about 1 mm) and nonthermal; temperature neutral particles ions are about room suitably used treat living biological cell without damaging cell. In this paper, we report design, development, electrical optical emission spectroscopy characterization along applicability biomedical investigation dc easily...

The thermodynamic properties of systems with long-range interactions present an ongoing challenge, from the point view both theory as well computer simulation. In this paper we study a model system, Coulomb gas confined inside sphere, by using Wang-Landau algorithm. We have computed configurational density states, entropy, and caloric curve, compared microcanonical Metropolis simulations, while showing how concepts such inverse temperature can be used to understand some aspects behavior. A...

In the last years, pulsed reduced low dose radiation has been proposed as an alternative for treatment of recurrent cancer. Nonetheless, distinction between effects and continuous is barely known at cellular level. order to study level, in vitro experiments are important further advance basic understanding this area. present work we demonstrate usefulness a low-energy plasma focus device PF-400J potential source low-dose cancer cell experiments. Colorectal line, DLD-1, were irradiated by...

Plasma needle is a novel design of plasma source at atmospheric pressure to achieve non-thermal jet. The advantage the that it can be operated in open air, outside vessel. generated with small (about one millimetre) and non-thermal, temperature neutral particles ions about room suitably interact living biological cell without damaging cell. In this work, we report development needle, which by dc power produced stable jet on water surface. Argon gas used operate needle. preliminary electrical...

The intensity ratios of spectral lines a single species are often used as diagnostics for inferring the electron temperature or density in plasmas. Helium is well-known example. In this paper, atomic data and analysis structure (ADAS) database has been to identify line boron that might prove useful plasmas created tokamaks wall conditioning plasma-facing-surfaces. Using collisional radiative (CR) model-based photon emission rate coefficients, few selectively sensitive only those presented.

Present work is aimed to perform dosimetric measurements characterize dosis obtained from pulsed x-rays emitted a hundred joules plasma focus device PF-400J using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100). Two dosimeter arrays (containing 21 in each) were used. One of the was kept inside vacuum chamber and other outside chamber, simultaneously. It found that array (∼200.7 mGy) times larger than (∼1.1 for pulses x-rays. Later, window PF-400J, which made 1 mm aluminum, replaced by plastic similar...

Plasma focus devices represent a class of hot and dense plasma sources that serve dual role in fundamental research practical applications. These allow the observation various phenomena, including z-pinch effect, nuclear fusion reactions, filaments, bursts, shocks, jets, X-rays, neutron pulses, ions, electron beams. In recent years, considerable efforts have been directed toward miniaturizing devices, driven by pursuit both basic studies technological advancements. this paper, we present...

X-ray pulses (full width at half maximum ∼ 90 ns, dose rate 107 Gy s−1) were used to irradiate the monolayer of peripheral blood mononucleated cells using PF-2kJ kilojoule plasma focus device. Four different exposure conditions evaluated 5, 10, 20, and 40 pulses, with mean measured by TLD-100 being 0.12 ± 0.02 mGy, 0.14 0.03 0.22 0.06 0.47 0.09 respectively. Cytogenetic analysis showed an increase in all types chromosomal aberrations following x-ray pulses. The distribution dicentrics...

A plasma needle is a novel design of source at atmospheric pressure to achieve nonthermal jet. The advantage the that it can be operated in open air, outside vessel. amount generated by small (∼1 mm), and nonthermal. Temperature neutral particles ions approximately room temperature, suitably interact with living biological cells without damaging cells. In this work, we report on electrical characteristics optical emission spectra (OES) jet, produced direct-current easily interacts (a human...

Colissionless plasmas are non-extensive systems which, due to the long-range interaction between their components, incapable of reaching thermal equilibrium, even in a steady state. These cannot, therefore, be described statistically by single canonical distribution with well-defined inverse temperature β = 1/kBT and commonly via two alternative approaches: namely Tsallis statistics Superstatistics. The use Superstatistics describing steady-state has been proposed several authors, more...