A5000597614- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Helminth infection and control
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Ecology and Conservation Studies
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Coccidia and coccidiosis research
- Regional Development and Environment
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
2015-2024
National Wildlife Research Center
2012-2024
United States Department of Agriculture
2009-2024
Life Services (United States)
2012-2015
Infrared thermography (IRT) measures the heat emitted from a surface, displays that information as pictorial representation called thermogram, and is capable of being remote, noninvasive technology provides on health an animal. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by FMD virus (FMDV) severe, highly communicable viral cloven-hoofed animals, including both domestic wild ruminants. Early detection may reduce economic loss susceptible wildlife. The objective this study was to evaluate use IRT...
In 2011, we conducted a field trial in rural West Virginia, USA to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of live, recombinant human adenovirus (AdRG1.3) rabies virus glycoprotein vaccine (Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait; ONRAB) wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). We selected ONRAB for evaluation because its effectiveness raccoon management Ontario Quebec, Canada, significantly higher antibody prevalence rates compared with vaccinia-rabies (V-RG) vaccine, Raboral...
In the US, rabies lyssavirus (RABV) only circulates in wildlife species and most significant reservoir from a public animal health perspective is raccoon (Procyon lotor). Management of relies principally on oral vaccination (ORV) strategies using vaccine-laden bait delivery to free-ranging target hosts, order reduce susceptible population prevent spread eliminate RABV circulation. Our objective was evaluate efficacy Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait (ONRAB) against lethal challenge captive...
The small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) was introduced to several Caribbean Islands control rat (Rattus spp.) damage sugarcane plantations. Mongooses failed at suppressing populations and are now considered pests throughout most of their range. Importantly, mongooses rabies reservoirs on Islands. In Puerto Rico, have been implicated in up 70% reported animal cases. There is no vaccination program for wildlife data limited. We conducted a serosurvey two different ecologic...
In the US, rabies virus (RV) has been enzootic in raccoons (Procyon lotor) since late 1940s. Oral vaccination (ORV) was implemented 1990s to halt spread of raccoon RV and continues be used as a wildlife management tool. Our objective evaluate recombinant human adenovirus–rabies glycoprotein vaccine northern New York, Vermont, Hampshire over 3-yr period, using changes neutralizing antibody (RVNA) seroprevalence populations an immunologic index ORV impact. Vaccine baits were distributed at 75...
Abstract Accurate estimates of demographic parameters are critical to the management wildlife populations, including programs focused on controlling spread zoonotic diseases. Rabies managers in United States Department Agriculture (USDA) have applied a simple raccoon ( Procyon lotor ) abundance index (RAI) based cumulative catch unique raccoons per unit area determine vaccine‐bait distribution densities. This approach was designed allow for both collection biological samples and bait...
ABSTRACT The small Indian mongoose ( Herpestes auropunctatus ) is an invasive species and rabies reservoir in Puerto Rico. In the continental United States, terrestrial wildlife primarily managed by National Rabies Management Program (NRMP) of States Department Agriculture through oral vaccination (ORV); distribution vaccine baits influenced population density target species. NRMP uses a index for estimating raccoon Procyon lotor to guide bait distribution. Rico, program does not exist...
Since the 1990s, oral rabies vaccination (ORV) has been used successfully to halt westward spread of raccoon virus (RV) variant from eastern continental USA. Elimination RV USA proven challenging across targeted (Procyon lotor) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) populations impacted by RV. Field trial evaluations Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait (ONRAB) were initiated expand ORV products available meet management goal elimination. This study describes continuation a 2011 in West Virginia. Our...
Summary Zoonotic disease surveillance is typically initiated after an animal pathogen has caused in humans. Early detection of potentially high‐risk pathogens within hosts may facilitate medical interventions to cope with emerging disease. To effectively spillover a novel host, undergo genetic changes resulting varying transmission potential the new host and Rabies virus (RABV) one model consider for studying dynamics infectious diseases under both laboratory field conditions. The...
With rates of psychiatric illnesses such as depression continuing to rise, additional preclinical models are needed facilitate translational neuroscience research. In the current study, raccoon (Procyon lotor) was investigated due its similarities with primate brains, including comparable proportional neuronal densities, cortical magnification forepaw area, and gyrification. Specifically, we report on cytoarchitectural characteristics raccoons profiled high, intermediate, or low solvers in a...
Despite the widespread use of aerial baiting to manage epizootics among free-ranging populations, particularly in rabies management, bait acceptance and seroconversion rates often are lower than required eliminate spread disease. Our objectives this study, therefore, were evaluate performance stratified distribution models derived from resource selection functions (RSF) on uptake placebo baits by raccoons (Procyon lotor) Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), as well probability a...
Oral rabies vaccination is the principal strategy used to control in wildlife. No oral vaccine licensed for small Indian mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus). The Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait (ONRAB) a human adenovirus type-5 glycoprotein recombinant striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) Canada and under experimental evaluation US. We evaluated varying doses of ONRAB by direct instillation into cavity with three groups 10 mongooses: Group 1 received 109.5 TCID50, group 2 108.8 3 108.5 TCID50...
Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are frequently handled using chemical immobilization in North America for management and research. In a controlled environment, we compared three drug combinations: ketamine-xylazine (KX), butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM), nalbuphine-medetomidine-azaperone (NalMed-A) raccoon immobilization. crossover comparisons, raccoons received mean of the following: 8.66 mg/kg ketamine 1.74 xylazine (0.104 mL/kg KX); 0.464 butorphanol, 0.155 azaperone, 0.185 medetomidine...
From 2014 to 2016, we examined the effect of distributing oral rabies vaccine baits at high density (150 baits/km2) in an area Virginia, US that was naïve vaccination prior study. We also compared baiting a standard (75 had been baited annually for 12 yr. Our results suggested virus seroconversion raccoons (Procyon lotor) gradually increased each year under highdensity bait treatment. However, did not detect difference between treatments. Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were...
Many mammals use heterothermy to meet challenges of reduced food availability and low temperatures, but little is known about the prevalence in wild mesocarnivores. We monitored body temperature (Tb) free-living striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) through winter 2015–2016 suburban Flagstaff, Arizona, a high-elevation site that experiences temperate winters. Subcutaneous Tb index (HI) were significantly affected by ambient temperature, varied across 7 midwinter. Twenty-one 36 (58%) unique...
In North America, terrestrial wildlife rabies control is achieved by oral vaccination programs that principally target mesocarnivores. Success at in striped skunks ( Mephitis mephitis) has been more limited and may require additional enhancements to existing bait products or novel designs attractants. We evaluated preference among captive for six different flavors of placebo Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait (ONRAB®) "Ultralite" Baits (Artemis Technologies, Guelph, Ontario, Canada). Different...
Oral vaccination is one tool used to control wildlife diseases. A challenge oral identifying baits specific target species. The US has been conducting against rabies since the 1990s. Improvements in bait development will hasten disease elimination. In Colorado, we examined a novel for and offered two different flavors, sweet fish, captive raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) striped skunks Mephitis mephitis assess consumption flavor preference observed removal by nontarget species field. During...
Baylisascaris procyonis is a common gastrointestinal parasite of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and zoonotic helminth with the potential to cause severe or fatal infection. Raccoons thrive in human-dominated landscapes, fecal-oral transmission pathway lack effective treatment make B. serious threat public health. The distribution medicinal baits has emerged as socially acceptable cost-effective method for managing disease free-ranging wildlife. We assessed suitability mass-producible anthelmintic...
The small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) is the primary rabies vector in Puerto Rico. Mongooses are implicated up to 74% of cases on island, and pose a threat domestic animals human health safety. No management program exists Rico development an oral vaccination requires determining which flavors vaccine's bait coating matrix that attractive mongooses. Our objective was evaluate preference among three (cheese, coconut fish) Ultralite used for delivery Rabies Vaccine, Live...
Raccoons are host to diverse gastrointestinal parasites, but little is known about the ecology of these parasites in terms their interactions with each other during coinfections, physiology and environmental factors, impact on raccoon health survival. As a first step, we investigated patterns parasite infection demographic distribution an urban-suburban population raccoons trapped summers autumns 2018 2019. We collected faecal samples, data, morphometric measurements, blood smears, used GPS...